Due to the highly addictive properties of nicotine, a low percentage of users successfully maintain cessation for longer periods of time. This might be linked to neuroadaptations elicited by the drug, and understanding progressive changes in neuronal function might provide critical insight into nicotine addiction. We have previously shown that neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (nAc), a...

Very few studies have examined parent-offspring interactions from a quantitative genetic perspective. We used a cross-fostering design and measured genetic correlations and components of social selection arising from two parental and two offspring behaviors in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. Genetic correlations were assessed by examining behavior of relatives independent of common...

Abstract Growing cowpea ( Vigna unguiculate (L) Walp) in rotation with millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) can increase productivity through biological nitrogen fixation. However, Senegal, legume crop residues are generally removed for livestock feed, and little information exists on how burying the residue instead of removal affects subsequent yield. This study assessed varieties evaluated ...

The purpose of this study was to find the feeding preferences Odontotermes obesus termites on different types commercial timbers along with evaluation and their resistance non- behavior under lab field conditions at 100ºC. There were six wood species which evaluated regarding attack damage include Azadirachta indica (Neem), Eucalyptus globulus (Safaida), Ficus religiosa (Peeple), Mangifera (Aam...

Animals of many species accept or solicit recurring copulations with the same partner; i.e., show repeated mating. An evolutionary explanation for this excess requires that the advantages of repeated mating outweigh the costs, and that behavioral components of repeated mating are genetically influenced. There can be benefits of repeated mating for males when there is competition for fertilizati...

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that baseline corticosterone levels increase with a change from constant to variable feeding schedules. Captive red knots, Calidris canutus, were presented with food that was either available during the same time each day (constant) or starting at variable times during the day. Food intake rates, frequency of aggressive interactions, and baseline levels o...

The core symptoms of autism are deficits in social interaction and language, and the presence of repetitive/stereotyped behaviors. We demonstrate that behaviors related to these symptoms are present in a mouse model of an environmental risk factor for autism, maternal infection. We stimulate the maternal immune system by injecting the viral mimic poly(I:C) during pregnancy, and analyze the soci...

Abstract Biological Traits Analysis (BTA) was used to investigate the functional structure of marine macrobenthic communities along Samsun Shelf Area (SSA). Benthic samples were collected seasonally from five different locations and at four depths using a Van Veen grab sampler. Macrofaunal distributed in SSA assessed 10 biological traits identify characteristic for each depth location. It found...

Understanding how emotion is generated, how conflicting emotions are regulated, and how emotional states relate to sophisticated behaviors is a crucial challenge in brain research. Model animals showing selective emotion-related phenotypes are highly useful for examining these issues. Here, we describe a novel mouse model that withdraws in approach-avoidance conflicts. X11-like (X11L)/Mint2 is ...

In species with biparental care, there is sexual conflict as each parent is under selection to minimize its personal effort by shifting as much as possible of the workload over to the other parent. Most theoretical and empirical work on the resolution of this conflict has focused on strategies used by both parents, such as negotiation. However, because females produce the eggs, this might affor...