background: brain hypoxia-ischemia is a human neonatal injury that is considered a candidate for stem cell therapy. methods: the possible therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord blood (hucb) stem cells was evaluated in 14-day-old rats subjected to the right common carotid occlusion, a model of neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia. seven days after hypoxia-ischemia, rats received either saline ...

Introduction: Following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines is major cause of cerebral edema that can cause permanent neuronal loss. This study examined the changes in brain concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF- after different doses of estrogen or progesterone treatment in brain-injured rats at 6 and 24 h post...

Neural precursor cells from adults have exceptional proliferative and differentiative capability in vitro yet respond minimally to in vivo brain injury due to constraining mechanisms that are poorly defined. We assessed whether cell cycle inhibitors that restrict stem cell populations in other tissues may participate in limiting neural stem cell reactivity in vivo. The cyclin-dependent kinase i...

The influence of bone marrow stem cells on regeneration of spinal cord in rats was investigated. Young adult male Wistar rats were used (n=22). Focal injury of spinal cord white matter at Th10 level was produced using our original non-laminectomy method by means of high-pressured air stream. Cells from tibial and femoral bone marrow of 1-month old rats (n=3) were cultured, labeled with BrdU/Hoe...

pediatric neurological disorders including muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury are defined as a heterogenous group of diseases, of which some are known to be genetic. the two significant features represented for stem cells, leading to distinguish them from other cell types are addressed as below: they can renew themselves besides the ability to differentiate into cells wi...

the first necessary step in researches to treat spinal cord injuries (sci) is to understand complexities related to the neurophysiology and neurobiology changes of human sci with stem cell therapy(sct). the aim of this study is to identify these changes. the level of injuries is important in treatment and determination of this injury (whether it is complete, incomplete, or discomplete) is valua...

Purpose: To study the specific content (per 1 g of tissue) reduced glutathione and activity enzyme antioxidant protection peroxidase conjugated with it in various structural functional parts rat brain when exposed to ionizing radiation at a dose 6 Gy. Material methods: The studies were carried out on white outbred rats subjected single total γ-radiation an average lethal determined irradiated a...

DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FOLLOWING AN INJURY TO THE SPINAL CORD AND CELL TRANSPLANT Michael B. Jirjis, B.S. Marquette University, 2013 The purpose of this dissertation research was to characterize the use of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in understanding the changes that occur throughout the spinal cord and br...

Stem cell-based therapies have been used for repairing damaged brain tissue and helping functional recovery after brain injury. Aberrance neurogenesis is related with brain injury, and multipotential neural stem cells from human embryonic stem (hES) cells provide a great promise for cell replacement therapies. Optimized protocols for neural differentiation are necessary to produce functional hu...

During brain development, highly complex and interconnected neural circuits are established. This intricate wiring needs to be robust to faithfully perform adult brain function throughout life, but at the same time offer room for plasticity to integrate new information. In the mammalian brain, adult-born neurons are produced in restricted niches harboring neural stem cells. In the fruit fly Dro...