PURPOSE OF REVIEW There are several commercially available electroencephalogram-derived devices for monitoring anaesthesia depth. This article reviews all published studies describing their use in children; first assessing studies of performance in measuring anaesthesia depth in observational, physiological studies and then describing relevant outcome studies. There is also a brief discussion o...

Bispectral index (BIS) is a monitoring modality designed and used for monitoring depth of anaesthesia. We wish to report a case where BIS monitoring may have alerted us to a potential adverse neurological event during angiographic coiling of a cerebral aneurysm.

In this paper, we discuss the first application of recently developed L1-adaptive control methods for closedloop control of anesthesia delivery during surgery. Our initial objective, described herein, is to design controllers that are robust to inter-patient variability, such that patients follow a prespecified Bispectral Index profile. The controllers are designed from identification-based mod...

Background/Introduction Since its inception, and to this day, measurement of the depth anaesthesia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been challenging. Bispectral index (BIS) is commonly used but remains controversial. One pragmatic approach to anaesthesia is to administer 2.5% isoflurane into the sweep gas supply to the oxygenator and allow neuromuscular blockade to fade so that patient m...

A 67-yr-old man, undergoing pulmonary metastasis resection, experienced a postoperative cardiopulmonary arrest as a result of severe bleeding. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated, then bispectral index (BIS) monitoring was used which reassured the medical team of the adequacy of the resuscitation.

The author discusses state-of-the-art technology for patient monitoring in office-based anesthesia. New technology includes bispectral index monitoring to evaluate the depth of anesthesia, signal extraction for more accurate oxygen saturation monitoring, and online S-T segment analysis for monitoring multiple electrocardiographic leads.

A gain-scheduled proportional-integral-derivative controller is proposed for the closed-loop dosing of propofol in anesthesia (with the bispectral index as a controlled variable). In particular, it is shown that a different tuning of the parameters should be used during the infusion and maintenance phases. Further, the role of the noise filter is investigated.