The shoulder of a packaging machine is a developable surface that guides the packing material without stretching or tearing. The shoulder is traditionally manufactured by bending a flexible plate along a given bending curve, also without stretching ortearing. In this paper, the shoulder geometry isdescribed mathematically b methods from classical differential geometry. For a given bending curve...

PURPOSE The electron beam melting (EBM) Ti-6Al-4V material technology has been developed over a short time period. It was introduced through a research to develop Ti-6Al-4V implants for patients, but EBM printed locking compression plates have not been used for clinical implants. The main purpose of this study is to find whether the EBM Ti-6Al-4V plate suit for clinical implants. METHODS Firs...

BACKGROUND Techniques for the skeletal attachment of amputation-prostheses have been developed over recent decades. This type of attachment has only been performed on a small number of patients. It poses various potential advantages compared to conventional treatment with a socket, but is also associated with an increased risk of bone or implant-bone interface fracture in the case of a fall. We...

Bending, in addition to compression, is recognized to be a common loading pattern in long bones in animals. However, due to the technical difficulty of measuring bone deformation in humans, our current understanding of bone loading patterns in humans is very limited. In the present study, we hypothesized that bending and torsion are important loading regimes in the human tibia. In vivo tibia se...

The elastic modulus of two-dimensional random fibre networks is determined for structures in which, the degree of cross-linking is varied. The relationship between the network parameters – fibre axial and bending stiffness, fibre density and degree of cross-linking – and the overall elastic modulus is discussed and presented in terms of a master curve. It is shown that master curves for sparsel...

In the classical formulation of the elastic bending energy stored in a bilayer, the spontaneous curvatures of the monolayers enter via their sum. Accounting for the

This paper relates to the mechanical performance of timber-glass composite beams, which take exceptional advantage of the combination of the materials involved. Beam bending tests were performed with beams made from float glass and heat-strengthened glass. Three different adhesive types were used: silicone, acrylate and epoxy. The test results show that, with a proper design, the timber is able...

We determine the electrostatic contribution to the elastic bending moduli of an insulating fluid membrane composed of either permanent, or field induced dipoles oriented along the normal directors of the surface. Using Debye-Hfickel screening theory, we show that in contrast to the uniformly charged membrane the bending rigidity becomes softened by the electrostatic interaction.

Attenuation characteristics of hollow, flexible, metal and metal/dielectric coated polycarbonate waveguides were investigated using an optically pumped far infrared (FIR) laser at 215 µm. The bending loss of silver coated polycarbonate waveguides were measured as a function of various bending angles, bending radii, and bore diameters. Minimal propagation losses of 1.77, 0.96 dB/m were achieved ...

Changes in the free energy of mutual phosphate group interactions are calculated that accompany bending of the A-, B- and Z-DNA backbones in 0.7, 2.1 and 4.2 mol/l NaCl aqueous solutions. The bending is often found to be favoured in the direction of the double helix grooves; B-DNA prefers bending into the major groove while minor groove is the preferred bending direction of A-DNA in the presenc...