Eight commercial beers (3 lager beers, 2 dark ales and 3 high-alcoholic ales) were aged for one year under normal storage conditions, and the changes with time of flavour profile and the concentration of 15 volatile compounds were monitored. The compounds were chosen as markers to evaluate the importance of different reactions in the aging process of each beer type. The development of typical a...

This study investigated the relationship between Millennials’ attitudes towards drinking craft beer and food choice factors grounding Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) to explore consumer priorities concerns this alcoholic beverage. A survey was administered online five thematic groups on Facebook (N = 273 enthusiasts), including FCQ’s items assessing beers. Correlation analysis after defining fa...

Epidemiological studies have shown an association between consumption of alcoholic beverages, particularly beer, and carcinoma of the large bowel, especially the rectum. We studied the effects of chronic dietary beer and ethanol consumption on experimental colonic carcinogenesis, fecal bile acid and neutral sterol levels, fecal bacterial flora, and colonic epithelial DNA synthesis. Ten-week-old...

A method is introduced, which permits the determination of melibiase (a-galactosidase) in non-pasteurized Lager beers. Typically, melibiase activities of about 40 Units per litre are encountered for non-pasteurized Danish Lagers (Pilsner). The properties of melibiase in Lager beer have been examined. The rate constants for inactivation of melibiase in Lager beer of pH 4 have been determined at ...

Parallel brewing trials were performed in laboratory brewery. For beer wort hopping, hop pellets of diff erent age (“slightly aged” and “strongly aged” one) and storage indexes (0.35 and 0.59, respectively) were used. During brewing were measured bitterness, utilization of -acids and index of -acids isomerization. Mature beers were evaluated by panel taste testing. Th e results of panel testi...

Non-specific lipid transfer protein (LTP) in barley grain reacted with the IgE in 26 sera drawn from food allergy patients. A sandwich-type of enzyme-linked immunosorbent 27 assay (ELISA) was developed with mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against LTP 28 purified with barley flour. This ELISA showed a practical working range of 0.3–3 ng/mL 29 and no cross-reactivity with wheat, adlay and rye....

The defect depth had always been difficult to measure in the regular Radiographic Testing in the past, but can be accurately measured in Digital Radiographic image grayscale by the digital image processing technology. In the paper, the corresponding relation between the digital image grayscale value of the welding defect and the X-ray strength, was analyzed by means of Beer Theorem, and an algo...

Individuals display high levels of trust and express feelings of safety when interacting with social ingroup members. Here, we investigated whether cues related to ingroup membership would change perceptions of the safety of alcohol. Participants were exposed to images of beer in either a standard can or a can featuring the colors of their university (i.e., 'fan cans'). We hypothesized that exp...