Purpose: In the last years, some studies investigated dosimetric benefits of a free flattening filter for the photon mode in the radiotherapy field. This study aims to provide a theoretical study published and analysis of basic dosimetric properties for a Saturne 43 Linac head to implement free flattening filter beams clinically. Material and Methods: Thi...

Background: Physical wedges are still widely used as beam modifiers in external beam radiotherapy. However the presence of them in the beam trace may cause beam hardening which may not be considered in many treatment planning systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the beam hardening effect generated by physical wedges via different beam quality indexes as photon spectrum, half value l...

There are several theorical results about order statistics and copulas in the literature that have  been mentioned also by Nelsen cite{p20}. The present study after reviewing some of these results, relies on  simulation technique to investigate the mentioned results about order statistics and copulas. The study concentrates on two well known Archimedean Gumbel and Frank families in the case tha...

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graphene sheet including single vacancy, double vacancy and stone-wales with armchair and zigzag structure was simulated using molecular dynamics simulation. the effect of defects on shear’s modulus, shear strength and fracture  strain was investigated. results showed that these shear properties reduce when the degrees of all kinds of defects increase. the dangling bond in sv and dv defected gr...

to evaluate the effects of the current situation and future development on source groundwater whether quantitative or qualitative point of view, simulation computer resources, a powerful tool in the optimal utilization of source is considered. year recent several model of math and computer simulation of hydraulic behavior of underground water resources focus is located. like making mathematical...

Background: Understanding of the incident electron energy and angular distributions from clinical electron accelerators (linacs) is important for dosimetry and treatment planning. The most important goals of this study were to evaluate the energy fluence and angular distributions of electron beams from a Neptun 10PC linac using the Monte Carlo (MC) code. Materials and Methods: The lina...