Regulatory capital guidelines allow for loan loss reserves to be added back as capital. The evidence in this paper suggests that the influence of loan loss reserves added back as regulatory capital (hereafter referred to as “add-backs”) on bank risk cannot be explained by either economic principles underlying the notion of capital, or accounting principles underlying the recording of reserves. ...

Investigators exammning problems with credit availability during the most recent recession have been unable to provide definitive evidence that the decline in bank loans was, at least in part, a supply phenomenon. Furthermore, they have not focused on the subset of loans made to borrowers most likely to be dependent on bank financing. This study overcomes these flaws. By examining formal regula...

SN SOME of its public statements in recent years, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) has stressed the objective of promoting market discipline of the risks assumed by banks through the influence of uninsured depositors.’ The FDIC has attempted to accomplish this by allowing the uninsured depositors of some failed banks to suffer losses. In practice, the cases in which uninsured de...

Many of the existing reservoir dams are constructed in alpine and gorge regions, where topography geological conditions complicated, bank slopes steep, landslides have a high potential to occur. Surges triggered by one major causes dam overtopping failures. factors affect slope stability banks height surges landslides, such as spatial variability material properties, speed etc. To reasonably ev...

ANSI/ISA S84.01-1996 and drafts IEC 61508/61511 are standards covering the design, operation, maintenance, and testing of safety instrumented systems (SIS). The standards stress the importance of minimizing potential faults in the SIS through good design and engineering practice. These faults include random hardware, systematic, and common cause faults. Common cause faults occur when a single f...

I IJOAN LOSSES ASSOCIAFED WITH declines in energy and agricultural prices) and the collapse of commercial real estate markets were the proximate cause of the high number of bank and savings and loan (S&L) failures of the past 12 years. Many researchers also blame government policies, howevei~such as restrictions on branch banking and limitations on the services that banks and S&,Ls may offer. S...

conventional implant dentistry has been limited to healed edentulous ridges with adequate bone. predictable success rates resulted in using dental implants in compromised situations such as insertion into old infected sites or near to pathological areas. there is significant data about marginal bone loss and lack of osseointegration around the neck of implants. however, the data about peri apic...

Since the early 1970s, with the formation of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh by the eminent Mohammed Yunus, the microfinance movement has spread throughout the developing and developed world as a weapon in the fight against poverty. However, success of the Grameen model has not been followed by success in different economic and social settings. These failures have been due to several factors inc...