Seasonal and pandemic influenza remains a constant threat. While standard influenza vaccines have great utility, the need for improved vaccine technologies have been brought to light by the 2009 swine flu pandemic, highly pathogenic avian influenza infections, and the most recent early and widespread influenza activity. Species C adenoviruses based on serotype 5 (AD5) are potent vehicles for ge...

Influenza is a highly contagious disease that responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. A viruses (IAVs) have the ability to cross interspecies barriers from avian carriers then rapidly circulate among infect crowded livestock creating breeding ground emergence of zoonotic with epidemic pandemic potential. They are susceptible antigenic shift drift hence cause recurring maj...

BACKGROUND The virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction is an important target for the development of a broadly protective human influenza vaccine, since most CTL epitopes are found on internal viral proteins and relatively conserved. In this study, the possibility of developing a strain/subtype-independent human influenza vaccine was explored by taking a bioinformatics approach to...

Antigenically well-matched vaccines against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses are urgently required. Human serum samples after immunization with MF59 or nonadjuvanted A/duck/Singapore/97 (H5N3) vaccine were tested for antibody to 1997-2004 human H5N1 viruses. Antibody responses to 3 doses of nonadjuvanted vaccine were poor and were higher after MF59-adjuvanted vaccine, with serocon...

A DNA vaccine, pCAG-HAk, expressing the full-length haemagglutinin (HA) gene of avian influenza A/Eurasian coot/Western Australia/2727/1979 (H6N2) virus, together with a Kozak sequence, in a pCAGGS vector was formulated with a novel nanoparticle, Phema. Two intramuscular immunizations of layer chickens at 3-week intervals with different doses of a nano-vaccine as well as 100μg pCAG-HAk failed t...

During the past few months we witnessed two phases in the reaction of the public in Greece to the threat of an influenza pandemic. Initially, during October 2005, practically all mass media in the country devoted extensive time to the coverage of various aspects of the outbreak of avian influenza. An overflow of information from the media targeted the general public who did not have prior knowl...

Background and Aims: Avian influenza (AI) is an acute infectious disease of poultry, waterfowl, wild birds, and animals, zoonotically transmitted to humans. Some incidents of HPAI are reported in Iran: H5N1 and H5N8. Iranian Veterinary Organization decides on vaccination (H5) of layer and breeder flocks in high-risk provinces following the outbreak in Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the seru...

An understanding of the global migration dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus is helpful for surveillance and disease prevention. To characterize the migration network of this virus, we used genetic analysis, which supported a global persistence model in which each of 9 regions acts to some extent as a source. Siberia is the major hub for the dispersal of the virus. South...

The hemagglutinin (HA) of avian influenza viruses plays a very important role in the infection of host cells. In this study, the HA gene of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus was cloned and expressed in silkworm larvae. The expressed recombinant HA (rHA) was purified using fetuin-agarose chromatography and Superdex 200 10/300 GL gel filtration chromatography, and the identity of p...