Chemical biology relies on effective synthetic chemistry for building molecules to probe and modulate biological function. Olefin metathesis in organic solvents is a valuable addition to this armamentarium, and developments during the previous decade are enabling metathesis in aqueous solvents for the manipulation of biomolecules. Functional group-tolerant ruthenium metathesis catalysts modifie...

background: there is unprecedented increase in the processing and packaging of many plant materials into food supplements, herbal medicine, skincare and cosmetic products for human needs. baphia nitida is used for topical skincare products. toluene, a toxic aromatic solvent, is increasingly being used in the production of these skincare and cosmetic products in many industries. this study asses...

Leptadenia pyrotechnica was evaluated for its antifungal activity against some pathogenic fungi. Extracts in different organic solvents were used for disc diffusion assay. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts have showed maximum inhibition zone against A. niger (15mm and 12.2 mm respectively). Methanol extract showed maximum activity against F. oxysporium (13.0mm) and A. flavus (15mm) while aqueou...

Carbon-iron oxide microspheres' black pigments (CIOMBs) had been prepared via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of aqueous solutions containing ferrous chloride and glucose. Due to the presence of carbon, CIOMBs not only exhibited remarkably acid resistance, but also could be well dispersed in both polar solvents and nonpolar solvent. Finally, dispersions of hollow CIOMBs in tetrachloroethylene had su...

A SH-selective allylation method using [CpRu(2-quinolinecarboxylato)(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))]PF(6) has been realized in various solvents including aqueous media to give allyl sulfides and allyl S-thioates, demonstrating the potential applicability to lipopeptide chemistry.

Two multicomponent reactions, the Ugi and Passerini reactions, are accelerated by the use of aqueous solutions. The rate enhancements compared to those by organic solvents can approach 300-fold. Reactions performed in water offer another advantage that products are often insoluble, permitting direct isolation by precipitation. The methods were applied to the preparation of three small combinato...

We have synthesised a neutral, water-soluble, Pt(II) complex able to aggregate more efficiently in aqueous solutions than in organic solvents. The aggregates are luminescent and are not quenched by molecular oxygen. Further, we have prepared phosphorescent hydrogels utilising host-guest interactions between cyclodextrins and the tetraethylene glycol tails of the Pt(II) complex. The soft assembl...

A conceptually novel nanoparticle-supported and magnetically recoverable organocatalyst has been developed, which is readily prepared from inexpensive starting materials in a truly sustainable manner; which catalyzes the Paal-Knorr reaction with high yield in pure aqueous medium that avoids the use of toxic organic solvents, even in the workup step.

It is shown that coordination chemical and extrathermodynamic models may be successfully applied to the qualitative and also quantitative description of fundamental chemical equilibria and reaction rates in non-aqueous solvents. Applications include: formation of charge transfer complexes, electrochemical reduction of metal cations, ionization of covalent compounds, ion association phenomena, o...

Well-defined Ag(5) and Ag(6) dodecanethiol/tetrabutyl ammonium-protected clusters were prepared by a one-pot electrochemical method. Ag clusters show bright and photostable emissions. The presence of a dual capping renders the silver clusters soluble in both organic and aqueous solvents.