Computational models of visual attention have become popular over the past decade, we believe primarily for two reasons: First, models make testable predictions that can be explored by experimentalists as well as theoreticians; second, models have practical and technological applications of interest to the applied science and engineering communities. In this chapter, we take a critical look at ...

In this paper, the possibility of modeling the phenomenon “pluralistic ignorance” from social psychology, using epistemic/doxastic logic, is investigated. It is shown that the straightforward formalization of pluralistic ignorance does not capture the phenomenon completely. What is needed in addition is an assumption about the interplay between different agents’ beliefs or an assumption about h...

The notion that human perceptual decisions are based on discrete processing cycles rather than a continuous accumulation ofinformation was examined experimentally. Significant periodicities were found in hwnan response times (RT) to feature and conjunction discrimination tasks in the visual and auditory modalities. Individual RT histograms were multimodal. with regularly spaced peaks and trough...

This study was a replication and extension of an earlier one (Kilty, 1967), which compared the unidimensional (affect only) and the multidimensional (affect, cognition, and behavioral intentions) models of attitude structure, by using the implicative meaning (IM) procedure. According to the multidimensional model, this instrument is a measure of attitudinal cognition. The unidimensional model m...

353 This is a reflective article that carries the discussion of cultural diversity from more typically considered arenas of clinical practice and education to a less-considered context: the occupational therapy community. The occupational therapy literature offers fine work that targets constructs related to diversity (American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 1995, 1996; Black, 2002; C...

This study adopted a psycholexical approach to uncover the personality trait structure of Hindi speaking Indians. The endorsement for personality descriptive adjectives was obtained from young adults (n=240) using a Likert-type 5-point rating scale. The principal component analysis using varimax rotation revealed a six-factor structure comprised of (I) rajasic (passion and mobility), (II) sattv...

With the growing number of fraudulent and nonr replicability of experiments performed in laboratories world practices that investigators may be using to increase the replicability. We laud them for thoughtful intentions and ex domains: the structure of psychological science and the generalizability. The former represents a methodological/sta opportunity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd....

domains depends critically on the performer’s ability to select and perform the proper task while ignoring other potential tasks. One popular approach to studying this ability, called cognitive control, is to have people repeat or switch tasks. In this paradigm, performance is typically slower following a task switch than following a task repetition (the switch cost; see, e.g., Allport, Styles,...

The purpose of the visual system is to transform light into action. For example, consider the visual search illustrated in figure 8.1, in which the observer must locate a T among many Ls. The observer makes a series of gaze shifts to inspect the elements in the array. Before each gaze shift, two selection processes have to take place (e.g., Allport 1987; Pashler 1991; Coles et al., 1995). The f...

Inhibition of task-irrelevant interference is important component of executive attention. In this study, the participants were divided into high working memory (WM) and low WM groups and the persistent inhibitory task inertia after the Stroop color-naming task was tested by measuring naming latencies for neutral colored stimuli. The high WM group tended to show persistent stronger inertia than ...