Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) are polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers for the rapid screening of genetic diversity. AFLP methods rapidly generate hundreds of highly replicable markers from DNA of any organism; thus, they allow high-resolution genotyping of fingerprinting quality. The time and cost efficiency, replicability and resolution of AFLPs are superior or equa...

Immigration is an important force shaping the social structure, evolution, and genetics of populations. A statistical method is presented that uses multilocus genotypes to identify individuals who are immigrants, or have recent immigrant ancestry. The method is appropriate for use with allozymes, microsatellites, or restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and assumes linkage equilibri...

Restriction fragments from purified mitochondrial DNA can be readily detected following rapid end-labeling with [alpha-(3)(2)]nucleoside triphosphates and separation by gel electrophoresis. Mitochondrial DNA from 12 populations of Meloidogyne species was digested with 12 restriction enzymes producing more than 60 restriction fragments for each species. The mitochondrial genome of M. arenaria is...

Recent phylogenetic studies using mtDNA and allozymes clarified the presence of multiple distinct genetic lineages in the Japanese clawed salamander, Onychodactylus japonicus, of which two from northern regions of the country have already been described as new species. Based on morphological analyses of the remaining genetic lineages, we describe the lineage from Shikoku Island and Chugoku Moun...

The developmental potential of primitive ectoderm cells lacking paternal chromosomes was investigated by examining the distribution of parthenogenetic cells in chimeras. Using GPI-1 allozymes as marker, parthenogenetic cells were detected in most organs and tissues in adult chimeras. However, these cells were under severe selective pressure compared with cells from normal fertilized embryos. In...

Quantifying variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetics (TK) provides a science-based approach to refine uncertainty factors (UFs) for chemical risk assessment. In this context, genetic polymorphisms cytochromes P450 (CYPs) drive inter-phenotypic differences may result reduction or increase metabolism of drugs other xenobiotics. Here, an extensive literature search was performed ide...

Seasonal genetic variation was assessed in the common house fly Musca domestica. Allozymes at six gene enzyme system viz., ACPH, EST, G6PD, ME, AO and XDH were analyzed. Fourteen loci with twenty seven alleles were unraveled. The genetic variations were found to be affected to a great extent by environmental influence .F statistics has been used to calculate genetic variation which revealed tha...

We screened 11 populations of American, European, and Icelandic eels (Anguillidae) for allelic variation and genetic divergence at six polymorphic microsatellite loci. Within either of the two recognized Anguilla species in the North Atlantic (rostrata in the Americas, anguilla in Europe), population genetic structure was statistically significant but weak; fully 95% of the total genetic variat...

Anopheles halophylus Silva-do-Nascimento & Lourenço-de-Oliveira was recently described using morphological and biological variants in specimens previously identiÞed as Anopheles triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto). Because these two species occur in sympatry in central Brazil, we used allozymes to determine the extent of gene ßow to conÞrm that they are different species. Of 11 allozyme loci analyzed,...

Genic variation in natural populations of Drosophila simulans was surveyed using allozymic and two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques. Consistent with some previous reports, allozymic heterozygosity appeared lower than in the sibling species D. melanogaster (0.07 vs. 0.16). No variation was detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis of 19 lines scored for 70 abundant proteins. This is cons...