The main purpose of this research is review of principles, concepts, problems and solutions of soil ethic. In this research by descriptive method and Delphi technique was used for identifying soil ethical concepts, soil ethical principles, problems and difficulties of soil ethics in Iran and al around the world and suggestions for improvement of soil ethics in Iran. The population of this re...

Soil microbial diversity is an important index of agricultural productivity (Nimisha Sharma et al,.2010; Kent and Triplett, 2002; Isik, 2008). Both plant and the soil types influences the microbial diversity. Rhizosphere microbial diversity usually influenced by both plant and soil types. Plants and microorganisms interact with each other and co evaluate together. Their balance is important for...

Deterministic and probabilistic risk assessments were developed for commercial LAS in agricultural soil amended with sewage sludge. The procedure done according to ILSI Europe's Conceptual Framework [Schowanek, D., Carr, R., David, H., Douben, P., Hall, J., Kirchmann, H., Patria, L., Sequi, P., Smith, S., Webb, S.F., 2004. A risk-based methodology for deriving quality standards for organic cont...

19 The objective of this study was to relate earthworm assemblage structure with three 20 different soil use intensities, and to indentify the physical, chemical, and 21 microbiological variables that are associated to the observed differences in earthworm 22 assemblage structure between soils. Three soil uses were evaluated: 1Fifty year old 23 naturalized grasslands, low use intensity; 2Cattle...

Gypsum is hydrated calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 • 2H 2 O), and is often marketed as a soil " conditioner " for improving soil " tilth. " Compared to most other calcium-rich soil amendments, such as limestone, gypsum is relatively soluble in water, dissolving up to 2 g per liter. The solu-bility of gypsum, when either incorporated or surface applied, permits a quick release of calcium (Ca 2+) and sul...

Soil moisture mapping at a high spatial resolution is very important for several applications in hydrology, agriculture and risk assessment. With the arrival of the free Sentinel data at high spatial and temporal resolutions, the development of soil moisture products that can better meet the needs of users is now possible. In this context, the main objective of the present paper is to develop a...

Earthworms mix soil layers and incorporate organic matter into the soil. This mixing allows the dispersion of the organic matter through the soil and makes the nutrients held in it available to plants and improves the fertility of the soil. Earthworms when present improve the soil physical, chemical and biological properties and acts as soil conditioner. They do so by fragmentation, aeration, b...

Driven by climate change and population growth, increasing human pressure on land forces conversion of natural landscapes to agricultural fields and pastures while simultaneously depleting land currently under agricultural use (Lal, 2009). Consequently, a vicious circle develops; further aggravating climate change, soil degradation, erosion, loss of soil organic matter (SOM) and leaching of nut...