Four commercially available medicinal aerosol products in India have been assessed for the aerosol size distribution at two different humidities using a ten stage cascape impactor device having a quartz crystal microbalance system. An indigenously made nebulizer in use in a city hospital has also been assessed for its aerosol efficiency. The size range is between 0.05 and 25 J.l,m. Mode in the ...

OBJECTIVES Delivery of inhaled medications to infants is usually very demanding and is often associated with crying and mask rejection. It has been suggested that aerosol administration during sleep may be an attractive alternative. Previous studies in sleeping children were disappointing as most of the children awoke and rejected the treatment. The SootherMask (SM) is a new, gentle and innovat...

BACKGROUND Gene therapy mediated by synthetic vectors may provide opportunities for new treatments for cystic fibrosis (CF) via aerosolisation. Vectors for CF must transfect the airway epithelium efficiently and not cause inflammation so they are suitable for repeated dosing. The inhaled aerosol should be deposited in the airways since the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gen...

Tropospheric aerosol size distributions are simulated by three online global models which employ exactly the same aerosol microphysics module, but differ in many aspects such as model meteorology, natural aerosol emission, sulfur chemistry, and deposition processes. The main purpose of this study is to identify the influence of these differences on the aerosol simulation. Number concentrations ...

In this paper, the physico-chemical basics of the sectional multicomponent aerosol model SEMA are described. SEMA includes condensation and evaporation of sulphuric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, and water vapour. The model can be applied to predictions of the chemical composition and size distribution of aqueous tropospheric secondary and marine aerosols. In SEMA, multicomponen...

[1] The feasibility of inverse modeling a multicomponent, size-resolved aerosol evolving by condensation/evaporation is investigated. The adjoint method is applied to the multicomponent aerosol dynamic equation in a box model (zero-dimensional) framework. Both continuous and discrete formulations of the model (the forward equation) and the adjoint are considered. A test example is studied in wh...

The recent observation of ultrafine aerosol particles in cirrus clouds has raised the question whether aerosol formation within cirrus clouds is possible, and if so, what mechanisms are involved. We have developed an aerosol parcel model of neutral and charged H2SO4/H2O aerosol processes, including nucleation from the gas phase and loss onto cirrus ice particles. Laboratory thermodynamic data f...

An aerosol formulation containing 7.5 mg of R-salbutamol sulfate was developed. The aerosol was nebulized with an air-jet nebulizer, and further assessed according to the new European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. A breath simulator was used for studies of delivery rate and total amount of the active ingredient at volume of 3 mL. A next generation impactor (NGI) with a cooler was used for ...

[1] We use measurements of ocean surface dissolved Al, a global Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling (BEC) ocean model, and the global Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model to constrain dust deposition to the oceans. Our Al database contains all available measurements with best coverage in the Atlantic. Vertical profiles and seasonal data exist in limited regions. Observations show that surf...

[1] During transport, atmospheric aerosol particles experience nonlinear size-dependent deposition processes which affect their size distribution. This implies that the aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) should be well represented in three-dimensional transport models that simulate their transport and their radiative or biogeochemical impacts. In particular, mineral dust aerosols exhibit ...