BACKGROUND Borrowing money is a common strategy to cope with health care costs. The impact of borrowing on households can be severe, leading to indebtedness and further impoverishment. However, the available literature on borrowing practices for health is limited. We explore borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia and provide a typology, associated conditions, and...

In this paper, we present recognition of handwritten characters of Arabic script. Arabic is now the 6 most spoken language in the world and is spoken by more than 200 million people worldwide. The 7 Century A.D., Arabic started to spread to the Middle East as many people started to convert to Islam. During this time of religious conversions, Arabic replaced many South Arabian languages, most of...

The financial situation of undergraduate students remains a high-profile issue within the UK higher education sector, not least due to its perceived relationship with retention, well-being and success. This paper probes this question from a new direction, using concepts and approaches from the field of applied psychology to examine how students use various forms of credit and whether personalit...

1. Some Extended Arabic characters are typographical variants of characters already adequately covered by the corresponding Basic Arabic Characters; 2. 0626 ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE is actually a representation form of two nominal characters: 06D5 ARABIC LETTER AE followed by 0621 ARABIC LETTER HAMZA; 3. The graphemes for the aspirated phonemes of Urdu should be added; 06BE ARABIC LET...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect human resource development on turnover intention through mediating role organizational commitment. Design/methodology/approach This used a quantitative research design. Data were collected from 204 flight attendants employees working at Royal Jordanian Airlines Company using an email survey questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (S...

In English and other alphabetic languages read from left to right, useful information acquired during each fixational pause is generally reported to extend much further to the right of each fixation than to the left. However, the asymmetry of the perceptual span for alphabetic languages read in the opposite direction (i.e., from right to left) has received very little attention in empirical res...

Building a system to extract Arabic named entities is a complex task due to the ambiguity and structure of Arabic text. Previous approaches that have tackled the problem of Arabic named entity recognition relied heavily on Arabic parsers and taggers combined with a huge set of gazetteers and sometimes large training sets to solve the ambiguity problem. But while these approaches are applicable ...

Most tools and resources developed for natural language processing of Arabic are designed for Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and perform terribly on Arabic dialects, such as Egyptian Arabic. Egyptian Arabic differs from MSA phonologically, morphologically and lexically and has no standardized orthography. We present a linguistically accurate, large-scale morphological analyzer for Egyptian Arabic...