The origin of the genetic code in the context of an RNA world is a major problem in the field of biophysical chemistry. In this paper, we describe how the polymerization of amino acids along RNA templates can be affected by the properties of both molecules. Considering a system without enzymes, in which the tRNAs (the translation adaptors) are not loaded selectively with amino acids, we show th...

Clusters provide an outstanding cost/performance ratio, but their efficient orchestration, i.e. their cooperative management, maintenance, and use, still poses difficulties. Moreover, many sites operate multiple clusters, each possibly running under a different cluster management system. In this paper, we present an architectural scheme for the coordinated management of multiple clusters in a f...

Mitochondrial fission controls mitochondrial shape and physiology, including mitochondrial remodeling in apoptosis. During assembly of the yeast mitochondrial fission complex, the outer membrane protein Fis1 recruits the dynamin-related GTPase Dnm1 to mitochondria. Fis1 contains a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain and interacts with Dnm1 via the molecular adaptors Mdv1 and Caf4. By using cr...

An important question regarding face aftereffects is whether it is based on face-specific or lower-level mechanisms. One method for addressing this is to explore how adaptation in upright or inverted, photographic positive or negative faces transfers to test stimuli that are either upright or inverted and normal or negated. A series of studies are reported in which this is tested using a typica...

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal transduction is mediated by an adaptor protein termed MyD88. In the case of TLR2 and TLR4, another adaptor related to MyD88 called Mal also participates in signalling. Two recent papers have added a third adaptor to the family, called Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta (IFN-beta) (TRIF) or TIR-containing adaptor m...

Object recognition suffers when objects are rotated-in-depth, as for example with changes to viewing angle. However the loss of recognition can be mitigated by stereoscopic cues, suggesting that object coding is not strictly two-dimensional. Here we consider whether the encoding of rotation-in-depth (RID) of a simple curve is tuned for stereoscopic depth. Experiment 1 first determined that test...

Cold stress is a major environmental factor limiting agricultural expansion and crop yields, plants have developed diverse molecular mechanisms to cope with lifetime of exposure cold stress. Histone modifications play fundamental role in regulating chromatin dynamics transcriptional activation, either directly or through protein adaptors termed effectors. Growing evidence indicates that the rem...

Regulated protein degradation is essential. The timed destruction of crucial proteins by the ClpXP protease drives cell-cycle progression in the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Although ClpXP is active alone, additional factors are inexplicably required for cell-cycle-dependent proteolysis. Here, we show that these factors constitute an adaptor hierarchy wherein different substrates are destr...

The relationship between attention and awareness and the processing of visual information outside of attention and awareness remain controversial issues. We employed the motion aftereffect (MAE) illusion and continuous flash suppression (CFS) to study the behavioral effects of unseen and unattended visual motion. The main finding was that either withdrawal of attention or the lack of visual awa...

STL Adaptors can combine operations and are used in elimination of temporaries in a C ++ array class; this technique is known as Expression Templates or Template Closures. Since the technique is dependent on a simple expansion of element references, some di culties exist in applying the technique to a parallel array class, where distribution with ghost-cells and notation of array sections compl...