This paper aims to honor the memory of the alienist Louis Delasiauve (1804-1893). His classification of the different types of epilepsy based on clinical symptoms is still relevant today and made him a precursor of contemporary epileptology. In 1851, Delasiauve clinically and etiologically isolated 'acute mental confusion' (acute confusional state) from all other forms of dementia. Never deviat...

INTRODUCTION Delirium, an acute confusional state, affects up to 29% of acute inpatients aged 65 years and over. The Australian Delirium Clinical Care Standard (the Standard) contains evidence-based, multicomponent interventions, to identify and reduce delirium. This study aims to: (1) conduct a controlled, before-and-after study to assess the clinical effectiveness of the Standard to improve d...

The present review aims to highlight this intricate syndrome, regarding diagnosis, pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, and management in elderly people. The diagnosis of delirium is based on clinical observations, cognitive assessment, physical, and neurological examination. Clinically, delirium occurs in hyperactive, hypoactive, or mixed forms, based on psychomotor behavior. As an acute con...

BACKGROUND The incidence and prevalence of CNS involvement in SLE remains unclear owing to conflicting results in the published studies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of major definite CNS events in SLE patients. METHODS 370 SLE patients with no previous history of CNS involvement were prospectively evaluated in a tertiary hospital referral center for 3 yea...

OBJECTIVE To present the case of a collegiate pitcher with type I diabetes mellitus who developed transient global amnesia and to characterize the acute onset of symptoms and clinical diagnosis of this rarely reported neurologic condition in the student-athlete population. BACKGROUND A 21-year-old collegiate pitcher with type I diabetes mellitus was found by his roommate to have acute-onset m...

A 55-year-old man presented in a global confusional state and after 24 hours fell into deep coma. Laboratory findings, including alcohol level, were normal. MRI showed abnormalities typical of Wernicke encephalopathy (figure).1,2 Thiamine was administered immediately, but the patient died 2 weeks later. The diagnosis was confirmed by measurement of blood thiamine level (19.3 ng/ mL; normal rang...

A case of a homicide and an attempted homicide during presumed sleepwalking is reported in which somnambulism was the legal defense and led to an acquittal. Other possible explanations including complex partial seizures, dissociative state, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and volitional waking behavior are discussed. The evidence supporting the probability that this act occurred duri...

the recent literatures indicate that central nervous system (cns) is highly vulnerable to systemic hyperthermia induced by whole body heating on conscious animals. in the present study, cerebral electrical activity or eeg (electroencephalogram) following exposure to high environmental heat has been studied in moving rats. rats were divided into three group (i) acute heat stress-subjected to a s...