OBJECTIVE Plasma high-density lipoproteins have several putative antiatherogenic effects, including preservation of endothelial functions. This is thought to be mediated, in part, by the ability of high-density lipoproteins to promote cholesterol efflux from endothelial cells (ECs). The ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and ABCG1) interact with high-density lipoproteins to prom...

RATIONALE Antiatherogenic effects of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) include the ability to inhibit apoptosis of macrophage foam cells. The ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 have a major role in promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophages to apolipoprotein A-1 and HDL and are upregulated during the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis). OBJECTIVE The goal of ...

ABCG1 and ABCG4 are highly homologous members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter family that regulate cellular cholesterol homeostasis. In adult mice, ABCG1 is known to be expressed in numerous cell types and tissues, whereas ABCG4 expression is limited to the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show significant differences in expression of these two transporters during developmen...

Although intracellular cholesterol levels are known to influence the proteolysis of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), the effect of specific genes that regulate cholesterol metabolism on APP processing remains poorly understood. The cholesterol transporter ABCG1 facilitates cholesterol efflux to HDL and is expressed in brain. Notably, the human ABCG1 gene maps to chromosome 21q22.3, and ind...

ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, and ABCG4 are lipid transporters that mediate the efflux of cholesterol from cells. To analyze the characteristics of these lipid transporters, we examined and compared their distributions and lipid efflux activity on the plasma membrane. The efflux of cholesterol mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCG4, was affected by a reduction of cellular sphingom...

Recent developments in lipid metabolism have shown the importance of ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCs) in controlling cellular and total body lipid homeostasis. ABCA1 mediates the transport of cholesterol and phospholipids from cells to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), whereas ABCG1 and ABCG4 mediate the transport of cholesterol from cells to lipidated lipoproteins. ABCA1, ABCG1, ...

Endocrine cells, enteric neurons and enterocytes provide an integrated functional defense against luminal factors, including nutrients, microbes and toxins. Prominent among intrinsic mediators is peptide YY (PYY) which is present in approximately 50% of colorectal endocrine cells and neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neurotransmitter expressed in submucous and myenteric nerves. Both peptides and their lo...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Immune challenge of mice with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been reported to cause transient weight loss and a behavioural sickness response. Although BCG-induced depression involves the kynurenine pathway, weight loss occurs independently of this factor. Because neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) are involved in the regulation of food intake, we hypothesized t...

Four members of the mammalian ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter G subfamily are thought to be involved in transmembrane (TM) transport of sterols. The residues responsible for this transport are unknown. The mechanism of action of ABCG1 is controversial and it has been proposed to act at the plasma membrane to facilitate the efflux of cellular sterols to exogenous high-density lipoprotein ...

As obesity continues to be a global epidemic, research into the mechanisms of hunger and satiety and how those signals act to regulate energy homeostasis persists. Peptide YY (PYY) is an acute satiety signal released upon nutrient ingestion and has been shown to decrease food intake when administered exogenously. More recently, investigators have studied how different factors influence PYY rele...