Recent biological research has sought to understand how biochemical signaling pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, influence the migration of a population of cells during wound healing. Fisher’s Equation has been used extensively to model experimental wound healing assays due to its simple nature and known traveling wave solutions. This partial differential equa...

INTRODUCTION Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and can be assessed by applanation tonometry by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIX) by pressure pulse wave analysis (PWA). As an inexpensive and operator independent alternative, photoelectric plethysmography (PPG) has been introduced with analysis of the digital volume pulse ...

The wave equation occurs in many branches of physics, in applied mathematics as well as in engineering, and it is also considered as one of the three fundamental equations in mathematical physics. The homogenous wave equation with constant coefficient can be solved by many ways such as separation of variables [1], the methods of characteristics [2, 3], and Laplace transform and Fourier transfor...

A specific, genuinely three-dimensional mechanism of rogue wave formation, in a late stage of the modulational instability of a perturbed Stokes deep-water wave, is recognized through numerical experiments. The simulations are based on fully nonlinear equations describing weakly three-dimensional potential flows of an ideal fluid with a free surface in terms of conformal variables. Spontaneous ...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Recently, novel descriptors of T-wave morphology have been suggested as measures of repolarization heterogeneity and adverse prognosis in non-uraemic populations. However, whether these T-wave descriptors provide prognostic information in uraemic populations has not been examined. The pre...

BACKGROUND Augmentation index, a marker of central wave reflection, is influenced by age, sex, height, blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial stiffness. However, the detailed haemodynamic determinants of augmentation index, and their relations, remain uncertain. We examined the association of augmentation index with vascular resistance and other haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic factors. ME...

Promotion of quantum theory from a theory of measurement to a theory of reality requires an unambiguous specification of the ensemble of realizable states (and each state’s probability of realization). Although not yet achieved within the framework of standard quantum theory, it has been achieved within the framework of the Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) wave function collapse model....

OBJECTIVE to investigate how to interpret changes on the CASP-19 quality of life scale for older people, and whether it discriminates between, and is responsive to, relevant differences or changes in participants' circumstances. METHODS analysis of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing for those completing CASP-19 in both Wave 1 and Wave 2 (n = 6,482). Cross-sectional and longitu...

Some observations are adversely affected by bias-parity errors. To explore the properties of these errors, 16,304 bias-parity error files were obtained from the archive for the interval from the beginning of the mission through July 8, 2010. Figure 1 shows histograms of the total number and the “valid” number (see sec. 1.5) of errors for each file. The results for the valid errors are also list...