The conversion of chick embryonic epidermis to mucous epithelium by excess vitamin A in organ culture as reported by Fell and Mellanby (5) was shown to be accompanied by a corresponding change of susceptibility to influenza and vaccinia viruses. Untreated epidermis of 10- to 12-day chick embryos supported the growth of influenza (PR8) virus in organ cultures and a maximum infectivity (EID(50)) ...

The synthetic capabilities of the host cells have been found to be intimately related to their ability to produce influenza virus. The first study of the relation of synthetic capacities of the host cell to virus growth was done by Ackermann (1951), who showed the role of energy mechanisms in influenza virus reproduction. The relationship of influenza virus production to protein synthesis has b...

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP27 protein is an essential RNA-binding protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm to increase the cytoplasmic accumulation of viral late mRNAs. ICP27 homologs have been identified in each of the herpesvirus subfamilies, and accumulating evidence indicates that homologs from the gammaherpesvirus subfamily function similarly to ICP27. In par...

Received 24 October 2006 Accepted 17 April 2007 The first 84 nt in the 39 non-translated region (39 NTR) of dengue type 1 virus (DENV-1) exhibit lower levels of conservation than the other regions; this region is named the variable region (VR). The VR is further divided into two subregions: a 59-terminal hypervariable region (HVR) and a 39-terminal semi-variable region (SVR). Recent reports sug...

The human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) E4orf4 product has been studied extensively although in most cases as expressed from vectors in the absence of other viral products. Thus, relatively little is known about its role in the context of an adenovirus infection. Although considerable earlier work had indicated that the E4orf4 protein is not essential for replication, a recent study using dl359, an A...

We report the identification of a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) large tegument protein pUL48 that is required for nuclear localization in transfected cells and is essential for viral growth. The NLS was mapped to pUL48 amino acid residues 284 to 302. This sequence contains a bipartite NLS comprising two clusters of basic residues (bC1 and bC2) ...

Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes an ubiquitin-like protein that covalently conjugates protein. Protein modification by ISG15 (ISGylation) is known to inhibit the replication of many viruses. However, studies on the viral targets and viral strategies to regulate ISGylation-mediated antiviral responses are limited. In this study, we show that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication ...

The first 84 nt in the 3' non-translated region (3' NTR) of dengue type 1 virus (DENV-1) exhibit lower levels of conservation than the other regions; this region is named the variable region (VR). The VR is further divided into two subregions: a 5'-terminal hypervariable region (HVR) and a 3'-terminal semi-variable region (SVR). Recent reports suggested that the VR of DENV-2 is required for eff...

The low-efficiency cellular uptake property of current nanoparticles greatly restricts their application in the biomedical field. Herein, we demonstrate that novel virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles can easily be synthesized, showing greatly superior cellular uptake property. The unique virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a spiky tubular rough surface have been successfully ...