Background Drug memories become labile and reconsolidated after retrieval by presentation of environmental cues (conditioned stimulus) or drugs (unconditioned stimulus). Whether conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus retrieval trigger different memory reconsolidation processes is not clear. Methods Protein synthesis inhibitor or β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist was systemicall...

Quantum memory effects can be induced even when the (time-dependent) dynamical degrees of freedom associated to environment are not affected at all by open system during their joint coupled evolution. In this paper, based on a completely positive bipartite representation system-environment dynamics, we found more general interactions that lead class quantum non-Markovian ``casual bystander'' en...

We distinguish between the notions of asymptotic causality and infrared for gravitational effective field theories, show that latter gives constraints consistent with positivity bounds. re-explore scattering waves in a spherically symmetric background EFT gravity $D\ge 5$, which leading-order correction to Einstein is determined by Gauss-Bonnet operator. reproduce known result truncated theory ...

Casual Games and free-to-play games have recently rapidly increased in popularity, perhaps in part because of the success of in-app purchases and micro-transactions as an economic model. While these games are often touted for their success in the gaming market, the effect on players when faced with such frequent purchasing decisions in-game is not well-studied. Theories of self-control suggest ...

The acquisition of Pavlovian fear learning engages the hippocampus when the conditioned stimuli are multimodal or temporally isolated from the unconditioned stimuli. By subjecting CA3-NR1 KO mice to conditioning protocols that incorporate time-dependent components, we found that the loss of plasticity at recurrent CA3 synapses resulted in a deficits in contextual conditioning specifically when ...

The acquisition of Pavlovian fear learning engages the hippocampus when the conditioned stimuli are multimodal or temporally isolated from the unconditioned stimuli. By subjecting CA3-NR1 KO mice to conditioning protocols that incorporate time-dependent components, we found that the loss of plasticity at recurrent CA3 synapses resulted in a deficits in contextual conditioning specifically when ...

The behavioral phenomenon of blocking indicates that the informational relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is essential in classical conditioning. The eyeblink conditioning paradigm is used to describe a neural mechanism that mediates blocking. Disrupting inhibition of the inferior olive, a structure that conveys unconditioned stimulus information (airpu...

Acute cognitive benefits, such as temporary improvements in concentration, can result from as few as ten minutes of exercise; however, most people do not take exercise breaks throughout the day. To motivate people to receive the cognitive benefits of exercising in short bursts multiple times per day, we designed an engaging casual exergame. To determine whether there are cognitive benefits afte...

Common sense tells us that we use what we (unconsciously) know about our first language to process further languages. The contribution of casual speech phonology has not been examined from this point of view. This paper looks at shared phonological processes of this type as possible aids to perception of L2 English. We proposed that complex syllable structure promotes casual speech reduction, a...

Young adults are at high risk for acquiring STDs/HIV due primarily to multiple sex partners, unprotected sex, and substance use combined with sexual activity. Contranormative settings--such as the annual spring break vacation--provide ideal conditions for the potentially lethal interaction between alcohol, drugs, and sexual risk-taking. As a steadily growing form of youth travel and characteriz...