Transforaminal Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy (TPED) is a minimally invasive technique mainly used for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation from a lateral approach. Performed under local anesthesia, TPED has been proven to be a safe and effective technique which has been also associated with shorter rehabilitation period, reduced blood loss, trauma, and scar tissue compared to convention...

BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a standard technique for the treatment of lumbar disc hernia. Thus far, most surgeons have recommended local anesthesia. However, in clinical practice, some patients experience pain and are unable to cooperate with the surgery during intervertebral foramen hemp expansion. The use of general anesthesia may create a greater risk of co...

BACKGROUND In this study we analyzed and presented our experience of performing transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TPELD). METHODS A retrospective study of 142 TPELD was conducted on 134 consecutive patients from 2001 through 2005. The inclusion criteria for patients were those who had leg pain with or without low back pain and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that reve...

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare the clinical outcome among patients who are surgically treated for lumbar disc herniation by transforaminal and interlaminar endoscopy techniques. METHODS: For treatment herniation, 31 were assigned undergo technique 24 technique. They evaluated using visual analog scale Oswestry disability index in preoperative period, first postoper...

BACKGROUND The most common causes of pain following lumbar spinal fusions are residual herniation, or foraminal fibrosis and foraminal stenosis that is ignored, untreated, or undertreated. The original surgeon may advise his patient that nothing more can be done in his opinion that the nerve was visually decompressed by the original surgery. Post-operative imaging or electrophysiological assess...

BACKGROUND: The Best Practices in Pain Management from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) describes interventional techniques as part a continuum. Epidural injections are commonly utilized modalities managing low back lower extremity pain. were initially administered 1901 where first descriptions caudal epidural with local anesthetic for pain appeared. Since then, multiple d...