Abstract:Gas export is one of the considerable choices in gas consumption to obtain foreign ex-change direct income by the government. Gas can be transformed and exported by various forms such as LNG and GTL. All forms of gar transformation and its export row gas with a convertible coefficient. Therefore, gas export means the total gas export through pipelines, LNG on the other forms of g...

as the world trade is growing, exchange rate acts as a bridge between different economies and its volatility can affect price level, output, exports and imports. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of real exchange rate volatility on the export demand for the two products of apple and potato in the nine developing counteries of producing and exporting the two products during...

T his paper investigates the heterogeneous reaction of Iranian exporters to the tariff rate changes, how export prices are influenced differently by the increase or decrease in foreign importers’ tariff rate. Using the Iranian transaction level export data and firm level data during the period 2002-2015, we find that tariff pass through for Iranian firms are incomplete and exporters ...

according to international trade theories, countries attempt to produce and export commodities with their abundant resources. iran has great energy resources and availability of inexpensive energy input has increased energy consumption per capita in manufacturing sector as well as in consuming sector. relying on low energy price, manufacturers employ energy-intensive methods for producing and e...

in today’s leading organizations, employees’ empowerment is considered as a significant issue in human resource management cycle and it has become a central theme of management functions and practices. the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between empowerment of staffs and organizational commitment with organizational health mediation. the results showed that there is a relati...

T his study investigates the short-run and long-run impact of real exchange rate misalignment and volatility on Indonesian export to the US by exploiting the disaggregated data of export volume. The proxy of real exchange rate misalignment was obtained by estimating the fundamental equilibrium exchange rate (FEER) model, and the exchange rate volatility measured by employing the GARC...

abstract exchange rate volatility is one of the effective and ambiguous factors in agricultural products export. regarding the importance of agricultural trade, to avoid single-product economy, the main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of exchange rate volatility on the pistachio export of iran during 1338-1386. for this purpose, exchange rate volatility index was estimated using ...

exports have direct effects on iran’s economic growth; therefore, a variety of state and private owned institutes promote iranian companies’ export activities via export promotion programs (epps). the main goal of these programs is to improve the export performance of iranian companies and to motivate export activities of those companies. to explore the effects of export promotion programs on e...

Today, small and medium enterprises are considered as one of the main components of economic development for various reasons. To name a few, job creation, resource efficiency, the ability to enhance local technology, the ability to meet new needs, quick decision-making, and training successful managers will all lead to the growth and economic development of countries. Despite these benefits, sm...