INTRODUCTION THE FREEZING PROCESS Frost Supercooling Freeze Desiccation Controlling the freezing process Acclimation to Freezing Stress Metabolic changes Sugars Lipids Abscisic acid The signalling cascade Mechanisms of Injury Sulphydryl-disulphide Hypothesis Expansion-induced Lysis Freeze-induced electrical transients Phase properties of the lipid bilayer Plasma membrane transport and ATPase Ox...

We describe the behavior m directional solidification of the faceted smectic-A smectic-B interface of 408 (butyloxybenzihdene octylaniline) Above the onset of instability, which is given by the classical constitutional-supercooling cntenon, we observe the nucleation of macrosteps Several mechanisms are possible, depending on the velocity These macrosteps are always unstable and propagate along ...

Chaput Kevin J. Ph.D., Purdue University, May 2015. Near-Congruent Solidification of Castings. Major Professor: Kevin Trumble. A study on the microstructure development of as-cast Cu-Mn alloys based around the congruent minimum at 34.6 wt % Mn and 873 oC was performed. Initially, this was to evaluate the alloy as an alternative to wide freezing range Pb and Sn bronzes that are plagued with poro...

Freezing, dehydration, and supercooling cause microtubules in mesophyll cells of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv Bloomsdale) to depolymerize (ME Bartolo, JV Carter, Plant Physiol [1991] 97: 175-181). The objective of this study was to determine whether the LT(50) (lethal temperature: the freezing temperature at which 50% of the tissue is killed) of spinach leaf tissue can be changed by diminis...

We investigate laser cooling of an ensemble of atoms in an optical cavity. We demonstrate that when atomic dipoles are synchronized in the regime of steady-state superradiance, the motion of the atoms may be subject to a giant frictional force leading to potentially very low temperatures. The ultimate temperature limits are determined by a modified atomic linewidth, which can be orders of magni...

We review the Kauzmann paradox and what it implies about the configuration space energy hypersurface for "structural glassformers." With this background, we then show how the relaxation expression of Adam and Gibbs qualitatively accounts for most of the phenomenology of liquid and polymeric glassformers including the strong/fragile liquid pattern, and the behavior of non-ergodic systems. Extend...

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. has been described as a freezing-tolerant species based on freezing-resistance assays. Nonetheless, this type of experiment does not discriminate between freezing-tolerance and freezing-avoidance mechanisms. The purpose of this paper was to determine which of these two freezing-resistance mechanisms is responsible for freezing resistance in A. thaliana. This was...

THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKIN, 2nd ed. By William Montagna. New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1962. xx, 434 pp. $16.50. In the second edition of The Structure and Function of the Skin. William Montagna communicates his enthusiasm and interest, as well as his broad knowledge of the study of the skin. This edition, as was the last, is divided into six sections, each dealing with separate a...

The short-range order in liquid Si, Ge and binary Six-Ge1-xalloys (x= 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) was studied by x-ray diffraction reverse Monte Carlo simulations. Experiments were performed the normal supercooled states using containerless technique of aerodynamic levitation with CO2laser heating, enabling deeper supercooling Si Si-Ge alloys than previously reported. local atomic structure resembles the...