Tool-use research has focused primarily on land-based animals, with less consideration given to aquatic animals and the environmental challenges and conditions they face. Here, we review aquatic tool use and examine the contributing ecological, physiological, cognitive and social factors. Tool use among aquatic animals is rare but taxonomically diverse, occurring in fish, cephalopods, mammals, ...

The author briefly describes the development of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Guidelines for the transport of animals by sea. The paper provides details about the membership of the OIE Ad hoc Group on the sea transport of animals, the terms of reference of this group, the process followed and the consultations that were undertaken in developing and reviewing the guidelines. An ...

Jellyfish possess venomous cnidae on their tentacles to capture and consume marine zooplankton. Nevertheless, the planktonic larvae of the smooth fan lobster (Ibacus novemdentatus), known as phyllosoma, prey on jellyfish and successfully ingest both tentacle tissue as well as constituent cnidae, despite the presence of the venom-filled explosively penetrant cnidae or nematocysts. In the present...