An aperture composed of multiple small apertures has several advantages over a large continuous aperture when practical issues are included in the analysis. For example, a single bullet can easily produce a catastrophic failure of the laser communication link if all the optical gain for the transmitter (or receiver) is derived from a single large-diameter telescope. In addition to battlefield c...

This paper presents a three-dimensional heat transfer analysis of flat-plate oscillating pipe (OHP). To enhance implementation OHPs in various applications, it is important to understand the comprehensive phenomena that include thermal diffusion whole structure and hydraulics channel. We developed an OHP model includes effect thermo-fluid behavior. The was validated with experimental results al...

Binary Fresnel zone plates (ZP) are one of the most frequently used focusing elements inplane optical schemes in micro- and nanophotonics. With a decrease diameter focal distance ZP to meso-wavelength sizes, parameters region begin be significantly influenced by features design (material, thickness, relief depth). The spatial structure spot formed near-field is investigated numerical finite (FE...

Two methods to inscribe co-located fibre Bragg gratings using the small spot direct UV writing technique are described and compared, namely: superimposed gratings, which written one over other at same spatial location, superstructured where a refractive index modulation is digitally designed all spectral signatures in single step process. In this letter, we report record number of 45 39 being i...

Application of the specular reflection intensity was previously reported for the quantification of early dental erosion. Further development of the technique and assembly of the miniaturized pen-size instrument are described. The optical system was adjusted to fit into a handy device which could potentially access different positions in the oral cavity. The assembled instrument could successful...

High-speed maskless nanolithography is experimentally achieved on AgInSbTe thin films. The lithography was carried out in air at room temperature, with a GaN diode laser (λ = 405 nm), and on a large sample disk of diameter 120 mm. The normal width of the written features measures 46 ± 5 nm, about 1/12 of the diffraction allowed smallest light spot, and the lithography speed reaches 6 ~ 8 m/s, t...

The docking protein CD2AP (CD2-associated protein) serves a nonredundant function in podocytes as CD2AP knockout mice die of renal failure at the age of 6-7 wk. Furthermore, haploinsufficiency due to mutation of the CD2AP gene is associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in humans. Although CD2AP has been shown to interact with proteins regulating actin polymerization, with proteins of...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to use a 500-Hz scanning spot laser (Concept500, WaveLight Laser Technologie AG, Erlangen, Germany) to investigate potential side effects that might be associated with the use of a high repetition rate laser platform. METHODS Seven eyes were treated using a 500-Hz scanning spot laser for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The local frequency of the ablatio...

A Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) that consists of a microlens array and an image sensor has been used to measure the wavefront aberrations of human eyes. However, a conventional SHWFS has finite dynamic range depending on the diameter of the each microlens. The dynamic range cannot be easily expanded without a decrease of the spatial resolution. In this study, an adaptive spot search m...