As from July 1, 2006, the European Union officially enforced prohibition of the use of six designated hazardous substances under the restriction of hazardous substances (RoHSs), including lead, cadmium and others. In addition, as from 2008, the requirements of green products had been made stricter by adding prevented use of halogen as the standard. When confronted with the two harsh lead-free a...

Although the primary driver for the current interest in developing lead-free soldering is global market pressure for more environmentally friendly products, the main concern continues to be lead contamination from end-of-life electronic products in landfill sites. In response to existing and impending legislation in Europe and Japan for the elimination of lead from electronic products, the indu...

Solder paste is the main soldering material used to form strong solder joints between printed circuit boards (PCB) and surface mount devices in the surface mount assembly (SMA). On average 60% of endof-line soldering defects can be attributed to inadequate performance of solder paste stencil printing. Recently, lead-free solder paste has been adopted by electronics manufacturers in compliance w...

In this paper an improved method has been presented to determine the solder joint shear strength of passive discrete surface mounted (SMD) chip components (like resistors and capacitors). To calculate the stress in a solder joint in the case of shear loading, the force applied should be measured and the amount of joined surface (wetted area of the component metallization) calculated. Using the ...

-Multilayer ceramic chip capacitor CDR-05 (MIL part number) is one of the most used parts in ISRO’s satellite program. Cracks evolved in ceramic chip capacitors CDR-05 (size: 1825and dielectric: X7R) of two different makesduring soldering process are studied in this paper. It has been observed that CDR-05 capacitors of one particular make (Manufacturer-A) more prone to crack during soldering on...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to demonstrate that laser soldering is safe and effective for tissue bonding in dural reconstruction and to compare this new reconstruction technique to an established one. STUDY DESIGN A temperature-controlled fiberoptic CO(2) laser system or fibrin glue were used for in vitro dural defect reconstruction in two groups of pigs. The CO(...