although the right for intellectual property as a branch of legal sciences is absolutely recognized in the world, there is dispute among jurists and lawyers with regard to even some of its primary problems, such as sale of such properties in our country. surveying some conditions of sale contract which seem controversial at a glance, such as necessity of object of sale being subjective, and exp...

Teaching mathematics in a high school and in a community college in the New York City, I have noticed that students grasp mathematical concepts more quickly and understand them better when a connection between the concept and the world of business is established. Students were visibly more interested and involved when business applications were presented first, laying the groundwork for technol...

In the portfolio selection problem, the manager considers several objectives simultaneously such as the rate of return, the liquidity and the risk of portfolios. These objectives are conflicting and incommensurable. Moreover, the objectives can be imprecise. Generally, the portfolio manager seeks the best combination of the stocks that meets his investment objectives. The imprecise Goal Program...

due to the particular importance of projects in human life and in organizations, proper project management has been always regarded highly by researchers and practitioners. recent advances in technology and fundamental changes in most scientific areas have affected projects and made their nature and environmental circumstances much more complex than in the past. fortunately, in recent years, ma...

In this paper we address the problem of optimizing multi-period inventory in the case of uncertain demands. At each time period, the company produces a certain quantity of goods which is used to serve a client demand. The unit selling price was fixed in advance by contract for the time horizon and an expected value of the quantity to deliver at each time period is known. In case of overproducti...

A principal requires a manager for production. He can use an internal manager, or contracts with an external manger. In each case, the manager obtains experience benefits from production. When the principal uses an internal manager, both parties share cost information. When the principal contracts with an external manager, only the external manager acquires cost information. The internal manage...

To match the observed patterns of protection over business cycle, I add unemployment into two models of trade policy: ‘Protection for Sale’(1994) and ‘Trade Wars and Trade Talks’(1995) by Grossman and Helpman. The source of unemployment is …nancial frictions: as in Aghion et.al. (2009) …rms with pro…ts less than a random threshold are liquidated. With small shocks protection goes up to save emp...

MEN WHO grow vegetable seeds for sale engage in a specialized and highly competitive farming operation. They compete to maintain superior strains of most standard varieties and to develop new varieties. Most of the large vegetable seed companies have well-qualified staffs to develop and maintain stock seed, from which is produced seed for the market, mostly by farmers who have contracts with th...