Background: Street imagery is a promising big data source providing current and historical images in more than 100 countries. Previous studies used this data to audit built environment features. Here we explore a novel application, using Google Street View (GSV) to predict travel patterns at the city level. Methods: We sampled 34 cities in Great Britain. In each city, we accessed GSV images fro...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a skills training program in improving safe cycling behavior, knowledge, and attitudes in young children. METHODS Grade 4 children from six elementary schools in East York (a borough of Metropolitan Toronto) participated. The intervention--playground based instruction on bicycle handling skills by certified instructors--was randomly allocated to thre...

We investigated the effect of pre- "race" ingestion of a 1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester on blood ketone concentration, substrate metabolism and performance of a cycling time trial (TT) in professional cyclists. In a randomized cross-over design, 10 elite male cyclists completed a ~31 km laboratory-based TT on a cycling ergometer programmed to simulate the 2017 World Road Cycling Championsh...

Although it is generally accepted that visual information guides steering, it is still unclear whether a curvature matching strategy or a 'look where you are going' strategy is used while steering through a curved road. The current experiment investigated to what extent the existing models for curve driving also apply to cycling around a curve, and tested the influence of cycling speed on steer...

The opportunities for data collection in smart cities and communities provide new approaches assessing risk of roadway components. This paper presents compares two different methodological cycling safety assessment objective perceived risk. Objective was derived from speed direction profiles collected with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) camera installed on an instrumented bicycle. Sa...

PURPOSE The effects of creatine supplementation on muscle metabolism and exercise performance during a simulated endurance road race was investigated. METHODS Twelve adult male (27.3 +/- 1.0 yr, 178.6 +/- 1.4 cm, 78.0 +/- 2.5 kg, 8.9 +/- 1.1 %fat) endurance-trained (53.3 +/- 2.0 ml* kg-1* min-1, cycling ~160 km/wk) cyclists completed a simulated road race on a cycle ergometer (Lode), consisti...

Introduction: Current Thermal cycling units fail to simulate the drinking behaviors, and oral balancing temperature. They cannot also simulate other oral conditions such as drink coloring, and chemicals like tea, coffee, carbonated and noncarbonated, citrus juices as well as alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks and also saliva and milk itself. The main objective of this study is to introduce the d...