Hoover and Duckett identified the relationship between valves, reflux, and dysplasia, commonly known as VURD (Posterior urethral valve, Unilateral vesicoureteral reflux, Renal dysplasia) syndrome. They noted preserved contralateral renal function in patients with unilateral reflux into a non-refluxing kidney. The proposed mechanism of this protection is that the refluxing collecting system acts...