Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) has gained widespread use in the treatment of a variety of neovascular and inflammatory intraocular conditions, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, chronic cystoid macular edema, and chronic uveitis. Intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mm Hg occurs in approximately 42% of eyes following IVTA. Most of these patients are su...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to evaluate the long-term anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant and to determine the predictive factors for the final visual outcome. METHODS The study included 54 patients with DME refractory to previous antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) who we...

PURPOSE To evaluate outcomes of submacular surgery to remove massive submacular hard exudates with diabetic macular edema. DESIGN Retrospective, non-comparative, interventional consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-six eyes of 40 patients with massive submacular hard exudates with diabetic macular edema. INTERVENTION Submacular surgery was performed to remove massive submacular hard...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To assess the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation and follow-up after vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 18 eyes of 12 patients affected by presumed diabetic vitreous-induced macular edema underwent biomicroscopy with a Goldmann contact lens, fluorescein angiography, and OCT. RESULTS OCT revealed two patterns of...

We investigated the relationship between the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and peripapillary retinal thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema. Fifty eyes (group I) with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF injection, and 90 eyes (group II) without diabetic macular edema were included in this case-control study. The...

Diabetic macular edema Macular edema following retinal vein occlusion (RVO) Neovascular (wet) AMD Neovascular glaucoma Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Rare causes of choroidal neovascularization (angioid streaks, choroiditis [including choroiditis secondary to ocular histoplasmosis], idiopathic degenerative myopia, retinal dystrophies, rubeosis iridis, and trauma) Retinopathy of prematurity (stage 3 t...