A 45-year-old patient reported for a follow-up visit after a motor vehicle accident with a history of vague right flank pain. He underwent a pelvic radiograph which revealed a long bony protuberance arising from the right sacral region; the appearance was consistent with a sacral rib. However due to the limited nature of his complaints the patient denied any surgical treatment.

4 0 Years old male, non alcoholic, not a known hypertensive who presented with sudden onset of severe headache on 09.05.06. Neurological examination was normal. CT brain and MRI brain showed left frontal white matter and external capsule hemorrhage. Patient i m p r o ve d we l l. S i n c e p a t i e n t h a d recurrent attacks of headache, Digital subtraction angiography was done to look for an...

In gastroschisis, the defect in the abdominal wall is located almost always to the right of the umbilicus. Left-sided gastroschisis is a very rare entity. A case of left sided gastroschisis has been described here, with review of literature.

Two cases of fetus-in-fetu, on which we performed surgery in 2003 and 2006, are being reported. Both the cases presented with a lump in the abdomen. Radiology confirmed the diagnosis. The lumps were found in the retroperitoneum and successfully excised. Because of the rarity of the condition, these two cases are being reported with relevant salient features and are discussed in the light of ava...

holoprosencephaly (hpe) is a rare congenital brain malformation associated with multiple midline facial defects. this anomaly is resulted from the failure of diverticulation and cleavage of primitive prosencephalon during weeks 4-8 of gestation. hpe is the most common forebrain developmental anomaly in human with the incidence rate of 0.49-1.2 cases per 10,000-20,000 term births. in this study,...

Polyorchidism is a rare anomaly of the genitourinary system which is defined as the presence of more than two testes within the scrotum. Lobulation of a testis is also a rare anomaly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of polyorchidism with lobulation of a supernumerary testis. We present ultrasonography findings of lobulation of a supernumerary testis in a 38-year-old man.

Regional odontodysplasia (RO) is a rare developmental dental anomaly with an unknown etiology. It is more often seen in girls than boys. Treatment of RO depends on the individual case. The aims of treatment should include aiding mastication and speech, improving aesthetics, reducing the psychological impact of the anomaly, allowing normal jaw growth and development, and if possible protection o...

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly in which there is fusion of the spleen and the gonad or mesonephric derivatives. Approximately, 150 cases have been reported since the condition was first described by Bostroem in 1883. The diagnosis of this uncommon anomaly is rare even to be suspected preoperatively; I describe a case in which laparoscopic diagnosis and management has been don...

Müllerian duct anomalies may produce reproductive failure like abortion and preterm birth, or obstetric problems like malpresentation, retained placenta, etc., or they may be asymptomatic. Unicornuate uterus with a noncommunicating functional rudimentary horn is a type of müllerian anomaly that results in obstruction to menstrual blood flow, leading to endometriosis and dysmenorrhea. Though the...

Appendiceal anomalies are extremely rare malformations. We presented the case of a patient 43-year-old who had undergone emergency surgery for bowel occlusion. Incidentally we have found an "horseshoe-shaped" appendix which removed. After review of the literature we have introduced this appendiceal variant in a complete classification of appendiceal anomalies.