The rate of light delivery (fluence rate) plays a critical role in photodynamic therapy (PDT) through its control of tumor oxygenation. This study tests the hypothesis that fluence rate also influences the inflammatory responses associated with PDT. PDT regimens of two different fluences (48 and 128 J/cm(2)) were designed for the Colo 26 murine tumor that either conserved or depleted tissue oxy...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous studies with PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT) in bladder and bronchi have shown that due to scattering and reflection, the actually delivered fluence rate on the surface in a hollow organ can be significantly higher than expected. In this pilot study, we investigated the differences between the primary calculated and the actual measured fluence rate during PDT of Ba...

The combination of data from observatories measuring ultra-high energy cosmic rays, photons, neutrinos and gravitational waves has provided new insights into the most extreme phenomena in Universe. Sharing information within a broad community is foundation multi-messenger approach. Pierre Auger Observatory, world’s largest ray detector, provides sensitivity to photons above 10 17 eV, thus contr...

In this study, the effects of purification, dehydration, and coagulation processes on absorption reduced scattering coefficients chicken liver tissues have been investigated by using a single integrating sphere system. The purification process performed tissue samples to remove blood residue has found cause slight change in optical parameters. Although dehydration brings about an increase coeff...

BACKGROUND High-energy photon and electron therapeutic beams generated in medical linear accelerators can cause the electronuclear and photonuclear reactions in which neutrons with a broad energy spectrum are produced. A low-energy component of this neutron radiation induces simple capture reactions from which various radioisotopes originate and in which the radioactivity of a linac head and va...

Lead fluoride (PbF$_2$) crystals represent an excellent and relatively innovative choice for high resolution electromagnetic calorimeters with granularity fast timing intensity environments. For this reason two PbF$_2$ crystals, sized $5\times 5 \times 40 $ mm$^3$, were irradiated $^{60}$Co photons up to $\sim 4$ Mrad 14 MeV neutrons a $10^{13}$ n/cm$^2$ total fluence. Their loss in transmittan...

In September 2021 the magnetar SGR J1935+2154 entered a stage of burst/flaring activity in hard X-ray band. On 10, we observed with fiber-fed fast optical photon counter IFI+Iqueye, mounted at 1.22 m Galileo telescope Asiago. During one IFI+Iqueye observing windows burst was detected Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. We performed search for any significant increase count rate on 1-s, 10-ms and 1-m...

Red light treatment of dark-grown 6-day-old barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.) strongly reduces the lag in chlorophyll accumulation in subsequent white light over that found in dark control seedlings placed under white light. Fluence-response studies show that the effect has both very low fluence and low fluence components. Kinetic studies indicate that the reduction in lag begins immediatel...

Responses of seed germination to temperature, water potential, time after harvest, and light were investigated for Stenocereus queretaroensis, a columnar cactus native to west central Mexico. Germination was optimal between 201C and 301C, and the germination percentage decreased as the water potential was lowered from 0?00 to 1?0 MPa. Maximal germination of 85% occurred for seeds that were 11 –...