The phase I cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes have received substantial attention in the pharmacogenetic literature. Researchers are beginning to examine the role of the phase II UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, which produce products that are more water-soluble, less toxic and more readily excreted than the parent compounds. Several reasons may have contributed to neglect of UGTs (com...

An 83-year-old woman presented to the dermatology clinic for her annual full body skin examination. She had a medical history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia, anxiety, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, gastroesophageal reflux, osteoarthritis, and actinic keratosis. The patient had no complaints or concerns about her skin other than a casual mention of a blue-tinted discolo...

INTRODUCTION There are many common drugs which have significant sedative-hypnotic properties. Alcohol and barbiturates have been discussed separately in this appendix, and their many pharmacological similarities were indicated. Barbiturates are often considered the prototype of sedative-hypnotic drugs; pharmacologically related compounds are frequently identified or discussed in terms of their ...

AH-7921 is a synthetic μ-opioid agonist, approximately equipotent with morphine. We report the death of two young individuals after ingestion of AH-7921 in combination with other psychoactive drugs. In the first case a young man died shortly after ingesting Internet drugs. Toxicological analysis of post mortem peripheral blood revealed AH-7921 (0.43 mg/L), 2-FMA (0.0069 mg/L) and 3-MMC (0.0021 ...

To drug-free urine specimens, we added the following drugs of abuse to give concentrations twice the cutoff value for positive test results: 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-carboxy-THC), oxazepam, secobarbital, morphine, benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, or phencyclidine (PCP). Visine was then added. Although measured concentrations of several drugs were decreased in the presence o...

Methods were developed to assess uptake and elimination kinetics in Gammarus pulex of nine pharmaceuticals (sulfamethazine, carbamazepine, diazepam, temazepam, trimethoprim, warfarin, metoprolol, nifedipine and propranolol) using targeted LC-MS/MS to determine bioconcentration factors (BCFs) using a 96 h toxicokinetic exposure and depuration period. The derived BCFs for these pharmaceuticals di...

A rapid, simple, highly sensitive procedure for the simultaneous analysis of bromazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, diazepam, midazolam, flurazepam, flunitrazepam, nordiazepam, triazolam, temazepam, nitrazepam, and chlordiazepoxide in oral fluid is described, using liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive electrospray mode. Benzodiazep...

AIM To compare estimates of unplanned hospitalizations associated with exposure to Beers potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in elderly people receiving different levels of ongoing general practitioner (GP) care. METHODS Using the pharmaceutical claims and other linked health data of 245,436 Western Australians aged ≥65 years with one or more claims for a medication from a PIM-related...

The present study evaluated the efficiency of a semi-closed, tubular, horizontal photobioreactor (PBR) to treat mixture irrigation and rural drainage water, focusing in removal different contaminants emerging concern (CECs), evaluating environmental impact resulting effluent. Target CECs included pharmaceuticals, personal care products flame retardants. Of 13 compounds evaluated, 11 were detect...