OBJECTIVE In women with hyperglycemia due to heterozygous glucokinase (GCK) mutations, the fetal genotype determines its growth. If the fetus inherits the mutation, birth weight is normal when maternal hyperglycemia is not treated, whereas intensive treatment may adversely reduce fetal growth. However, fetal genotype is not usually known antenatally, making treatment decisions difficult. HIST...

Introduction: Obesity during pregnancy has increased recently, which led to issues for the mother, developing baby, and newborn. Pathology in fetus is more likely people with higher body mass indices (BMI). Of 10 nations hosting half of 693 million high BMIs worldwide, Pakistan comes at number eight. Objective: Objective study was determine how a maternal BMI affected manner delivery. Methods: ...

Hepatic copper concentrations were compared with staining grades of copper associated protein (CAP) and histochemical copper in liver sections from 44 patients (one fetus, one pre-term infant, four term infants, eight normal children, 16 children with various liver diseases, and 14 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of childhood (IHCC)). A similar comparative study of hepatic copper concent...

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging provides an ideal tool for investigating growth and development of the brain in vivo. Current imaging methods have been hampered by fetal motion but recent advances in image acquisition can produce high signal to noise, high resolution 3-dimensional datasets suitable for objective quantification by state of the art post acquisition computer programs. Continuing ...

Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by alpha-glucosidase deficiency. The disease is characterized by accumulation of glycogen in the lysosomes. The accumulation has unique ultrastructural features which enable a prenatal diagnosis by electron microscopy. We describe prenatal electron microscopic testing in a fetus of a mother whose previous child died of Pompe disease. The dise...

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a relatively recently recognized, rare placental vascular anomaly characterized by placentomegaly and grapelike vesicles that may coexist with a normal fetus. Ultrasonography performed at 16 weeks of gestation revealed multiple cysts in the placenta along with a morphologically normal fetus. At 24 weeks of gestational age, severe preeclampsia symptoms we...

introduction maternal and fetal characteristics can be effect on optimism which vary among different cultures and countries. so the aim of this study was to determine prenatal optimism and its relationship with fetal and maternal characteristics in primiparous women. materials and methods this research study was a descriptive cross - sectional. the statistical populations consisted of 240 pregn...

Case presentation A 30-year-old multigravid woman referred to maternal fetal unit due to polyhydramnios at 28th week of gestation. Sonographic examination revealed a single fetus and polyhydramnios with amniotic fluid index 30 cm. The fetus had normal apparent single head, spine, thorax, abdomen, two upper and two lower limbs, and two relatively well developed rudimentary parasitic lower limbs ...