Crude protein requirements of finishing cattle over 1000 lb are below 10 percent of dietary dry matter (NRC, 1976). However, crude protein is usually fed in excess of 10 percent of DM due to decreased feed intake and performance at lower protein levels. Finishing diets usually consist of cereal grains fed ad libitum. With milo and corn grains, substantial quantities of starch are not completely...

A dynamic and mechanistic mass balance model (Integrated Aquaculture/Agriculture System model, or IAAS) for predicting nitrogen and organic matter outputs from aquaculture ponds and their subsequent recycling in conventional agriculture practices has been developed and calibrated using data from Honduras, Thailand and Malawi. The model, developed using Stella modeling software (High Performanc...

Gate depletion and boron penetration through thin gate oxide place directly opposing requirements on the gate engineering for advanced MOSFET’s. In this paper, several important issues of deep-submicron CMOS transistor gate engineering are discussed. First, the impact of gate nitrogen implantation on the performance and reliability of deep-submicron CMOSFET’s is investigated. The suppression of...

When a nitrogen microwave-induced plasma produced with an Okamoto-cavity was employed as a source for the nitridation of steel samples, the characteristics of the plasma were investigated by analyzing a spatially-resolved emission image of nitrogen excited species obtained with a two-dimensionally imaging spectrograph. Our previous study had reported on an excellent performance of the Okamoto-c...

An investigation of subnanosecond switching of 119-microm radiation achieved by irradiating high-resistivity silicon wafers with 1.7-ns, 337-nm pulses from a nitrogen laser is presented. The experimental results are compared with a one-dimensional numerical multilayer model, which accounts for the generation, recombination, and diffusion of the free carriers and the resulting change of the far-...

The carbonitriding process, which involves the diffusion of both carbon and nitrogen into the base steel, can be carried out in a salt bath or in a furnace gas atmosphere. It is a modified carburizing process but is mostly done at a lower temperature and for shorter time than carburizing. This process is one of the widely used heat treatments for surface hardening. Nonetheless, there are challe...

Paper presents the research of austenitic steel AISI 304after ion nitriding at 400◦C and at t =4h, for the two different variants of samples distribution in the working plasma reactive chamber tube. In order to assess the effectiveness of ion nitriding variants emission spectroscopy – GDOES, surface hardness tests, microstructure research (LM) of nitrided layers were made. It has been found tha...

The oxidations of formate and methanol on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes decorated with palladium nanoparticles were studied at both the single-nanotube and ensemble levels. Significant voltammetric differences were seen. Pd oxide formation as a competitive reaction with formate or methanol oxidation is significantly inhibited at high overpotentials under the high mass transport conditions ass...

Direct simulation of filamentary gas discharges like streamers or DBD microdischarges needs to use an adaptive mesh. The objective of this paper is to develop a strategy which can use a set of grids with suitable local refinements for the continuity equations and the Poisson equation in 2D and 3D geometry with a high-order discretization. The advantages of the approach are presented with a fila...