Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has inotropic and chronotropic effects in rat and guinea pig hearts. It also may mediate nonadrenergic noncholinergic regulation of canine cardiac electrophysiology. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to determine the anatomic distribution of CGRP in mature dog heart and autonomic ganglia controlling cardiac function. The stellate ganglia had sca...

A patient returned from Algeria showing a grade III wound (WHO standard) produced by a dog bite, was treated with rabies nerve tissue vaccines (NTVs) lacked the rabies immunoglobin, and developed a visible local reaction to the vaccine. The last WHO position paper (2010) recommends replacing nerve-tissue vaccines with CCVs. The nerve tissue vaccines induce more-severe adverse reaction sand are ...

Histocompatibility seems to play an important role in the regeneration of nerve allografts. Compatible tissue typed nerve allografts behave more like autografts and are, therefore, more readily accepted by the host tissue without producing evident tissue rejection. The influence of histocompatibility difference becomes more marked if the graft is longer than 30-40 mm. Irradiation as a means of ...

BACKGROUND The present diagnosis of teratomas is limited to visual examination of their tissues. For the sake of treatment, teratomas are graded according to degrees of nerve tissue maturation. Mature fetal nerve tissue contains the astrocyte-specific intermediate filament protein, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). This study aimed to investigate GFAP expressions in the nerve tissue o...

Inflammation is the process by which an organism responds to tissue injury involving both immune cell recruitment and mediator release. Diverse causes of neuropathic pain are associated with excessive inflammation in both the peripheral and central nervous system which may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of persistent pain. Chemical mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and lip...

OBJECTIVE Evidence is accumulating that synovial tissue plays an active role in osteoarthritis (OA), however, exact understanding of its contribution is lacking. In order to further elucidate its role in the OA process, we aimed to identify the secretion pattern of soluble mediators by synovial tissue and to assess its ability to initiate cartilage degeneration. METHODS Synovial tissue explan...

Physical and chemical agents acting on the ocular surface (extreme environmental temperatures, wind, foreign bodies, and chemicals) elicit conscious sensations and reflex motor and autonomic responses (blinking, lacrimation, conjunctival vasodilation) aimed at protecting the eye from further injury. Sensory nerve terminals of trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the cornea and conjunctiva ar...

objective(s): neurotrophins (nts) exert various effects on neuronal system. growing evidence indicates that nts are involved in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. however, the exact role of these proteins in modulating nociceptive signaling requires being defined. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of spinal nerve ligation (snl) on nts activation in the lumbar dorsal ...

After peripheral nerve injury, a process of axonal degradation, debris clearance, and subsequent regeneration is initiated by complex local signaling, called Wallerian degeneration (WD). This process is in part mediated by neuroglia as well as infiltrating inflammatory cells and regulated by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and the activation of transcription factors also r...

Prions, the putative causative agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are neurotropic pathogens that spread to the central nervous system via synaptically linked neural conduits upon peripheral infection. Axons and their transport processes have been suggested as mediators of nerve-associated prion dissemination. However, the exact cellular components and molecular mechanisms unde...