Livestock is an important sub-sector of agriculture that plays a key role in economy of a country by contributing to GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and in total export. Pakistan is the 5 largest milk producer in the world with a total milk production of about 46.44 billion liters per anum. Almost 68% milk is produced by buffalo and 27% by cow. Pesticides used in agriculture sector may transfer to...

Milk and milk products is a very good source to support the growth of microorganism. Their presence may cause health hazards. Considering its unhygienic aspects in view, the present study was undertaken to judge the occurrence of toxin producing microorganism. A good number of milk, curd, ice-cream and khoa samples supplied to Tura town (Head quarter of District West Garo Hills, Meghalaya) were...

Adulteration of milk with other additives resembling in physico-chemical properties can be done. Vegetable oils, hydrogenated fats, animal body fats and their blends have been reported as adulterants in milk and milk fat products. The scientists at Gujarat Agriculture University, Anand worked on detection of vegetable oils in milk and milk fat by a rapid method. The elevation of butyrorefractom...

Powdered milk products for children (Growing Up Milk Powders or GUMPs) containing added carbohydrates such as glucose and sucrose are now well established in parts of Asia. We surveyed GUMPs in Malaysia and Indonesia to determine the content of added carbohydrates. The ingredient lists and nutrition information panels were used to calculate the percentage of declared carbohydrates contributed b...

Milk and dairy products have frequently been studied by transmissionand scanning electron microscopy. The specimen preparation procedure may considerably influence the final result, and formation of artefacts is frequently observed. In this respect, formation of ice crystals during cryofixation is a well-known phenomenon. But dehydration, to an extent such as is required for embedding procedure...