Background: The Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein in numbers of bovine tissues and milk. OPN has been reported to be associated with milk production in cattle. Objective: The genotype and allelic frequencies for OPN and its association with milk production will be evaluated in Iranian Holstein Bulls.   Materials and Methods: Bulls DNA (100) was isolated. Oligo was used f...

In this paper we show that for discrete concave functions, a local maximum need not be a global maximum. We also provide examples of discrete concave functions where this coincidence holds. As a direct consequence of this, we can establish the equivalence of local and global profit maximizers for an equivalent well-behaved production function that is generated by a (not necessarily discrete con...

to measure an unbiased farm-specific efficiency of individual dairy farmers, a shadow-price profit frontier adjusted for market distortion was applied to a sample of 860 iranian small intensive dairy farms surveyed in 2005-2006. this measure was then compared with that of unadjusted measure that assumes undistorted market. a multiple general linear model (glm) technique was applied to the data ...

this research used the test day data of the milk production of holstein cows from golestan, mazandaran and guilan provinces collected by animal breeding center of iran between the years of 1988-2011. permanent effects of model, including cattle blend, breeding year and season, also percent of holstein gene and age during recording, were used as a secondary variable. all data obtained in this re...

in recent years, multifunctional agriculture as a new paradigm of agriculture and rural development was introduced to the world. multifunctional indicates that the inclusion of agricultural production functions (food, fiber) and unproductive functions (field of employment and income, strengthening social capital, conservation of biodiversity and genetic enhancement of rural industries, represen...