The pericarp consist in the transformed wall of the ovary that covers the seed and acts as a protection for the embryo and endosperm. It takes the place of the seed coats or integuments in the ordinary seeds, which in maize are reduced to unnoticeable remnants in the mature kernel. A thin, suberized nucellar membrane derived from the outer epidermal wall of the nucellus persists as a continuous...

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in forest trees is considered as one powerful approach in cloning elite genotypes. However, SE is difficult to achieve in tissue or cell beyond the mature embryo phase in trees and its physiological process involved are also poorly understood. Recently metabolic profiling studies have been contributed to understand the mechanism involved in SE process of plant [1-3]. ...

Testicular sperm was retrieved from a man with complete epididymal obstruction, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed on his wife's oocytes. In four mature treated, two fertilized eggs were obtained, and a clinical pregnancy was established with embryo transfers. One healthy girl (2715 g) was delivered by cesarean section at 38 weeks' gestation. Our case shows that the use of testi...

Background: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has been suggested as a marker of ovarian reserve and predictor of ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyper stimulation. The aim of this study is to determine the role of AMH in prediction of success ART cycles in patients with normal FSH serum levels. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study included 80 infertile women under 4o years, wh...

Abstract Generally, orchids produce dust-like seeds in which endosperm reduction and embryo undifferentiation represent a derived state shared with species about 11 other plant families. Orchid are proposed to have special kind of morphological or morphophysiological dormancy. We test this proposition, overcoming several design limitations earlier studies, specifically that the vitro germinatio...

Molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of stable electrical phenotypes in developing neurons remain poorly defined. As Xenopus embryonic spinal neurons mature, they initially exhibit dramatic changes in excitability due to a threefold increase in voltage-gated potassium current (IKv) density. Later when mature neurons begin synapse formation, IKv density remains stable. Elevation of Kv...

Background: In recent years, a combination of hormones and agents in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles as a means of stimulating the ovary and developing more follicles. With respect to the positive effects of Estradiol Valerate on reproductive tissues and the impact on native genes of the egg that transferred to the embryo after fertilization, it seems that this agent can also effe...

Molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of stable electrical phenotypes in developing neurons remain poorly defined. As Xenopus embryonic spinal neurons mature, they initially exhibit dramatic changes in excitability due to a 3-fold increase in voltage-gated-potassium current (IKv) density. Later, when mature neurons begin synapse formation, IKv density remains stable. Elevation of Kv1....

Introduction: Adult stem cells are the group of cells which conserve their nature in tissues and organs among other cells. In recent years, the researchers reported the existence of stem cells on the Bulge of hair follicles near to the smooth muscle. It is possible to differentiate these stem cells to neural cells by induction of Shh, FGF, and RA factors. Because of existence of these factors ...

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that in long period can damage the testis and reduce the semen quality. Therefore, it can impair the male fertility potential. Recently, different herbal therapeutic treatment for protection of diabetes and its pathologic effects have been used. The aim of current study is to evaluate the protective effect of Equisetum arvense extract (EE) on in vitr...