Apple fruit cv. Golden Delicious symptoms of rot were collected from storage in the area Eğirdir district Isparta province, Turkey. Based on morphology and phylogeny DNA sequence data for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region, isolated pathogen was identified as Diplodia bulgarica. This is first description D. bulgarica causing postharvest Malus domestica Turkey worldwide.

We obtain simple exact formulas for the refracted wavefronts through plano-convex aspheric lenses with arbitrary aspheric terms by considering an incident plane wavefront propagating along the optical axis. We provide formulas for the zero-distance phase front using the Huygens' Principle and the Malus-Dupin theorem. Using the fact that they are equivalent, we have in the second method found a ...

This paper proposes a discrete-time NCD risk model that incorporates the well-known No Claims Discount (NCD) system (or bonus-malus system (BMS)) in the car insurance industry. Such a system penalises policyholders at fault in accidents by surcharges, and rewards claim-free years by discounts. For simplicity, only two levels of premium are considered in the given model and recursive formulae ar...

Several viruses can cause devastating diseases in domestic apple (Malus x domestica Brokh.). Major viruses affecting apple production in New York are apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV). These viruses are common and generally latent; in other words, they do not cause acute symptoms on most commercial cultivars. However, when...