childhood hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection causes both medical and public health challenges. infants who acquire hbv parentally have up to 90% risk of developing chronic hbv infection. it is now estimated that approximately 10% of worldwide cancers are attributable to viral infection, with the vast majority (>85 %) occurring in the developing world. in this distribution, elevated rate and prev...

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response-element binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear protein that regulates expression of genes that control cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. To analyze CREB expression in leukemia cells, we conducted Western blot analysis of bone marrow cells obtained from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and pati...

Background: The secondary genetic changes other than the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor (PML-RARA) fusion gene may contribute to the acute promyelocytic leukemogenesis. Chromosomal alterations and mutation of FLT3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3) tyrosine kinase receptor are the frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia. However, the prognostic significance of FLT3 mutat...

mycotic infections have been commonly encountered in patients with hematological malignancies. the current study seeks the prevalence of actinomycete infection in patients suffering from blood cells malignancies. a hundred and fifty patients with some kinds of blood cells dyscrasia who underwent the bone marrow aspiration were recruited. in addition to the diagnostic work up, samples were exami...

Abstract Background Minimal residual disease (MRD), which is characterized as leukemic cells at a level below morphologic detection, has been connected to the risk of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia. In 80–90% leukemia (AML) patients, Wilms tumor ( WT1 ) gene overexpressed mRNA level. our prospective study, total 55 patients were enrolled study. Group I involved 40 AML and group II 15 healthy...

Background and Objective: The rate of survival in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) can dramatically improve, if the patients receive all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment. However, this drugchr('39')s toxicity is a major problem in APL treatment. Previous researches have demonstrated that phyto-polyphenols such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and kaempferol cause apoptosis in hematopoie...

background : primary central nervous system involvement and central nervous system relapse are poor prognostic events in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. due to severe skeletal and endocrine complications of craniospinal radiotherapy, only cranial radiotherapy is advisable. however only 15% of the cases with central nervous system relapse may remain in remission; a second central nervous system or...

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is considered a common blood cancers and accounts for approximately 15–20% of the total cases leukemia. Recent studies indicated that above 95% patients suffering CML have been found with distinctive Philadelphia chromosome originates from mutual translocation between both arms chromosomes 9 22. During this mutation ABL gene located on get transferred to breakpoin...

B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) is the second most common acute leukemia in adults. Its clinical manifestations include leukocytosis or leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia with an overall poor prognosis elderly patients. If relapse occurs, it commonly involves bone marrow but can also involve Extramedullary (EM) sites such as brain, testis, liver, spleen lymph nodes. Isolated extramedulla...