Topical use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a therapeutic nucleic acid is increasingly studied for the treatment of skin diseases and for the improvement of skin properties. However, naked siRNA transdermal delivery is limited by its low stability in the body and low permeability into target cells. This is due to various skin barriers such as the stratum corneum that has multiple lipid bila...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence and the mechanisms of cineole and terpineol on the in-vitro transdermal delivery of huperzine A from microemulsions, and their potential synergistic effect on the permeation enhancement. The transdermal delivery of huperzine A from microemulsions with different concentrations of cineole and terpineol through the rat abdominal skin wa...

BACKGROUND Given prior studies demonstrating the marked clinical activity of oral estrogens in prostate cancer, more recent data demonstrating the safety of transdermal estradiol, and the renewed interest in targeting testosterone metabolism and androgen receptor pathways, we report the results of a trial of transdermal estradiol in advanced heavily pre-treated castrate and chemotherapy refract...

Fentanyl is used for pain treatment during pregnancy in human beings and animals. However, fentanyl pharmacokinetics during pregnancy has not been fully established. The aim of this study was to characterize fentanyl pharmacokinetics in pregnant sheep after intravenous and transdermal dosing during surgical procedure performed to ewe and foetus. Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for non-pregn...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on fentanyl pharmacokinetics and clinical responses in cancer patients undergoing conversion to a transdermal system. Sixty Japanese cancer patients being treated with a fentanyl transdermal reservoir system according to the current Japanese guidelines were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained 192 h afte...

Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone can play an important role on circadian rhythms and worked as an internal sleep facilitator in human. Recently, melatonin was used as a drug for treatment of insomnia. The transdermal drug delivery is a good alternative for melatonin delivery because of its variable oral absorption, short half-life, highly first pass metabolism, and a favorable partition coeffi...

Patients with moderate to severe malignancy-related pain frequently require the use of opioid pharmacotherapy. Unfortunately, many cancer patients continue to be prescribed subtherapeutic doses of pain medications resulting in undo suffering and diminished quality of life. The choice of analgesic pharmacotherapy should be individualized and based on the intensity and etiology of pain reported b...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to develop a transdermal ligustrazine patch containing a stable formulation and with good entrapment efficiency, release rate, and transdermal absorption. METHODS Ligustrazine ethosomes were prepared by ethanol injection-sonication, with entrapment efficiency as an indicator. Using acrylic resin as the primary constituent, the ligustrazine ethosome pat...

INTRODUCTION Despite the undeniably positive effect on the quality of life of menopausal women, menopausal hormone therapy (HT) also has negative side-effects, which include, among others, thromboembolic complications. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a popular type of this therapy - transdermal HT on platelet hemostasis, which plays a significant role in intravascular coagulation. MATERIA...

There is a growing interest in transdermal delivery systems because of their noninvasive, targeted, and on-demand delivery of gene and drugs. However, efficient penetration of therapeutic compounds into the skin is still challenging largely due to the impermeability of the outermost layer of the skin, known as stratum corneum. Recently, there have been major research activities to enhance the s...