INTRODUCTION Ultrasound guidance decreases complications of central venous catheter (CVC) placement, but risks of arterial puncture and inadvertent arterial catheter placement exist. Ultrasound-assisted detection of guidewire position in the internal jugular vein could predict correct catheter position before dilation and catheter placement. METHODS Ultrasound examinations were performed in a...

This thesis considers the placement problem in VLSI layout, which deals with layout optimization of integrated circuits. Most practical formulations of this problem are NP-hard. The most widely used formulations of this problem consider placement of rectangles within a rectangular container. The rectangles represent logical components and are called modules. Modules are connected by wires and a...

OBJECTIVE To compare transpyloric feeding tube placement using a pH-assisted placement technique versus a standard placement technique in pediatric patients requiring enteral nutrition. METHODS Critically ill children younger than 4 years were prospectively and randomly assigned to either a pH-assisted or a standard feeding tube placement group. Identical pH-assisted feeding tubes were used i...

This mixed-methods study addressed the problem that although waiting placement is considered a major hospital utilization issue, minimal evidence exists to highlight the extent of it and the personal impact of waiting placement. An analysis of two years of complete hospital data for the Canadian province of Alberta was undertaken to examine waiting placement rates and describe waiting placement...

OBJECTIVES Initiation of postpyloric feeding is often delayed by difficulties in placement of enteral tubes. We evaluated the effectiveness of bedside postpyloric enteral tube (PET) placement using an electromagnetic (EM)-guided device. We hypothesized that: 1) EM-guided placement of PETs would be successful more often than standard blind placement with a shorter total time to successful placem...

This report describes a fully automatic placement tool for PCBs (printed circuit boards), nap (nonhierarchical automatic placement) that combines approaches from several different placement heuristics developed both for PCB and VLSI chip placement. Although the problem of placement for a PCB can be abstractly cast into the same formalism as the problem of VLSI cell placement, a practical tool m...

Programming distributed-memory machines requires careful placement of data to balance the computationalload among the nodes and minimize excess data movement between the nodes. Most current approaches to data placement require the programmer or compiler to place data initially and then possibly to move it explicitly during a computation. This paper describes a new, adaptive approach. It is impl...

Most existing placement algorithms were designed to handle blocks that are rectangular in shape. In this paper, we show how a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to construct an optimal arrangement of two-dimensional rectilinear blocks. Our approach does not require the orientation of each block to be fixed. To transform the placement problem to a GA problem, we devised a decoding technique known as...

We examine the effects o subscription behavior and wealth transferring controlled by larger shareholders on price discount of private placement. Price discount of private placement and wealth transferring effect exhibits a significant trend when larger shareholders subscribe more private placement shares. Shares proportion subscribed by larger shareholders, shares size of private placement and ...