the contemporary french literature beholds the considerable presence of works which frankly speak of the writer’s “self”. the trinal circles of writer-character-narrator triangle is mixed and created a current of literature dominated by the “first person”. many critics believe this matter demonstrates the dominance if “individualism” in today’s society. meaning, an individual society which plac...

In honor cultures, maintaining a positive moral reputation (e.g., being known as an honest person) is highly important, whereas in dignity self-respect competence and success) strongly emphasized. Depending on their cultural background, people respond differently to threats these two dimensions of honor. studies, we examined the effects morality-focused competence-focused people’s goal pursuit ...

Based on goal setting theory, this study explores the positive effect and influencing process of authoritarian leadership on employee performance, as well as the moderating role of individual power distance in this process. Data from 211 supervisor-subordinate dyads in Chinese organizations indicates that authoritarian leadership is positively associated with employee performance, and learning ...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among goal setting, employee engagement, workplace optimism, and individual performance constructs. Goal setting is hypothesized as positively impacting employee engagement, employee engagement as positively impacting workplace optimism, and workplace optimism as positively impacting individual performance. Design/methodolo...