In our case, dipyridamole-induced ischemia is an unlikely cause. This may suggest the depressive action of dipyridamole through adenosine on the conducting system. We feel that dipyridamole is the probable cause of asystole in this individual, based on a score of 5 on Naranjo’s algorithm, and betablocking agents may have contributed to this.[6] In patients with underlying conduction abnormaliti...

Abdominal pain is one of the most common reasons why people seek medical care, and is often due to spasm of intra-abdominal visceral organs. Hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) is a quaternary ammonium compound which blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites (both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors) in smooth muscle, and in secretory glands. It causes decreased motility of the gastroi...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the therapeutic effect of papaverine hydrochloride in the treatment of patients with renal colic pain unresponsive to conventional treatment. METHODS From March 2007 to January 2008, a total of 561 patients with severe renal colic pain due to a ureteral stone were treated with conventional agents (hyoscine-N-butylbromide and diclofenac sodium) in the emergency and urolo...

In the gastrointestinal tract, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is found exclusively within neurons. VIP regulates intestinal motility via neurally mediated and direct actions on smooth muscle and secretion by a direct mucosal action, and via actions on submucosal neurons. VIP acts via VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors; however, the subtype involved in its neural actions is unclear. The neural roles...

BACKGROUND Motion sickness - the discomfort experienced when perceived motion disturbs the organs of balance - may include symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, pallor, cold sweats, hypersalivation, hyperventilation and headaches. The control and prevention of these symptoms have included pharmacological, behavioural and complementary therapies. Although scopolamine (hyoscine) has been used in the...