are distinguished from vegetable, is the possession by the former of ti set of functions superadded to, and exercising control over, the functions of mere organic life, such as digestion, respiration, secretion, and whereby, moreover, animal organisms are rendered conscious of the relations of external things, and become capable of a sentient enjoyment of existence. These additional functions a...

tory canal. The external auditory canal then channels the vibration toward the eardrum, or tympanic membrane (TM). This in turn causes the eardrum to vibrate, which sets into motion the mechanical structures of the middle ear. The middle ear ossicles, or middle ear bones. These 3 tiny bones are attached to the TM and move as it moves. They transmit the sound waves further along the auditory cha...

‘Human Physiology’, or the study of functional aspects of human body, is designated by the term ‘Śarīra Vicaya’ in Ayurvedic literature. The word ‘Vicaya’ means the special or detailed knowledge. Detailed knowledge of normal human body i.e., ‘Śarīra’, is considered helpful in understanding the factors influencing the health. Though most of the basic concepts of human physiology explained in Ayu...

This study tested the hypothesis that measurable attributes in students' backgrounds are related to their successful completion of an undergraduate human physiology course. Demographic, general academic performance, and science achievement data were obtained from student records for students enrolled during the 1995-1996 academic year, and additional demographic data were obtained from students...

The circadian system in animals and humans, being near but not exactly 24-hours in cycle length, must be reset on a daily basis in order to remain in synchrony with external environmental time. This process of entrainment is achieved in most mammals through regular exposure to light and darkness. In this chapter, we review the results of studies conducted in our laboratory and others over the p...

The objective of this work is to study the hyperbolic space-time curves that we perceive in our daily lives through images obtained different geographical locations on Earth. A bibliographic review scientific works has been made medicine, electromagnetic fields, circadian rhythms, and perpendicular movement an organ. On internet, conical perspective have selected, cities located at longitudes l...

BACKGROUND Large biomedical simulation initiatives, such as the Virtual Physiological Human (VPH), are substantially dependent on controlled vocabularies to facilitate the exchange of information, of data and of models. Hindering these initiatives is a lack of a comprehensive ontology that covers the essential concepts of the simulation domain. RESULTS We propose a first version of a newly co...

This excellent atlas illustrates clearly the fact that in echocardiography, to a much greater extent than in electrocardiography, the knowledge and skill of the person making the recordings determines the usefulness of the recordings themselves. With poor recording technique vital information may be missed or misleading records obtained. This is rightly stressed at the beginning of Salcedo's At...

607 the past year or so. Althotuglh practical gene-transfer tlherapy may be only a distant reality, those interested in the past and current state of the art slhouild findl this book botlh interesting and(I informative. It contains some 35 papers (andl re-late(d discussionis) that were presentecl at a NATO-sponsored symposium helcl in Mol, Belgium, dluring September, 1970. As expected for a sym...