conclusions hbv in children due to vaccination failure was resulted from vertical transmission. hbv pre-s/s gene mutations were prevalent and could occur before or after vaccination. therefore, simply analyzing mutation frequency of hbv gene was not of value. to advance blocking hbv vertical transmission, future studies should focus on specific mutation sites, potentially associated with vaccin...

Background: Hepatitis B is an important infectious disease.  Since several years ago, mass vaccination against this viral infection has become as part of routine vaccination schedule of Iran.  However, some healthy neonates, children and adults fail to generate a protective antibody response after vaccination.Objectives: To investigate distribution of HLA class-I and class-II antigens in health...

Background: Poor response to various vaccines especially hepatitis B is common. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 62 insulin dependent diabetic patients were divided into case and control groups (e...

OBJECTIVE To establish the hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B 'e' antigen seroprevalence of mothers and their children aged 6-36 months and to assess the risk of hepatitis B transmission occurring in infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers in Pakistan. METHODS Mothers and their children were selected from eight districts of three provinces that have been identifi...

BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States remain unvaccinated against hepatitis B. We sought to understand which factors are associated with vaccination among HIV-negative MSM. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Data were from a 2010 web-based survey of adult MSM. We calculated the prevalence of self-reported hepatitis B vaccination among 1,052 HI...

UNLABELLED Viral hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease. Vaccination has proved to be safe and highly effective in reducing the incidence, the carrier rate and HBV-related mortality on a global scale. In Italy, universal vaccination against hepatitis B started in 1991 in infants as well as in adolescents, providing an outstanding record of safety and effectiveness. Within a few years, ove...

background china is a country with a high prevalence of hepatitis b. as a special population, migrant workers are more vulnerable to hepatitis b. objectives the present study was conducted to gain insight into the prevalence of hepatitis b and knowledge about hepatitis b among migrant workers in shandong province, china, as well as to explore a series of strategies for preventing and controllin...

Background Hepatitis A virus (HAV) can cause significant pathology in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), however, HAV can be prevented by vaccination. The aim of this study was to determine the implication of vaccination against HAV vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Materials and methods The seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG antibodies was investigated in the patients wit...

OBJECTIVES To measure hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rates among injection drug users in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to report their knowledge of and attitudes toward hepatitis and HBV vaccination. METHODS 609 injection drug users recruited in Rio de Janeiro between 1999 and 2001 answered a questionnaire and were tested for hepatitis B and other blood-borne infections. Questions covered so...

This study seeks to test the feasibility of vaccinating injecting drug users for hepatitis B in primary care and to identify predictors of poor immune response. Two hundred and seventy-five injecting drug users were identified from the case notes of a large general practice in an area of high multiple deprivation in northwest Edinburgh and, where appropriate, offered hepatitis B vaccination fol...