background: cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania major has become a hot topic in iran. the objective of this study was to determine some ecological aspects of sand flies in the study area. methods: sand flies were collected biweekly from indoors and outdoors fixed places in the selected villages, using 30 sticky paper traps from the beginning to the end of the active season of 2006 in kerm...

Cockatoo grass [Alloteropsis semialata (R.Br.) A. Hitchc.] is considered a keystone species in northern Australian ecosystems as it provides a food resource for many species, including several endangered vertebrates. This study examined both local and regional environmental factors influencing cockatoo grass distribution and abundance in the Wet Tropics of north Queensland, Australia. Local dis...

background: the aim of his study was to determine development time and thermal requirements of three myiasis flies including chrysomya albiceps, lucilia sericata, and sarcophaga sp. methods: rate of development (rod) and accumu­lated degree day ( add) of three important forensic flies in iran, chrysomya albiceps, lucilia sericata, and sarcophaga sp. by rearing individuals under a single constan...

b a ckground: bait-trapping appears to be a generally useful method of studying fly populations. the aim of this study was to construct a new adult flytrap by some modifications in former versions and to evaluate its applicability in a subtropical zone in southern iran. m e t hods: the traps were constructed with modification by adding some equipment to a polyethylene container (18×20× 33 cm) w...

sand fly research has a long history in iran beginning with the work of adler, theodor and lourie in 1930 and followed by mesghali’s foundational taxonomic work on sand flies in 1943. since then, research has continued unabated throughout the country and official publications report the existence of at least 44 species of sand flies (26 of the genus phlebotomus and 18 of genus sergentomyia ) in...

background: the aim of this study was to assess leishmania infection in sand fly species from areas where leishmaniasis is endemic. this is important for prediction of the risk and expansion of the disease. methods: in this cross-sectional study we used a pcr-based method for detection of leishmania minicircle dna within individual sand flies from orzoieh, a new endemic leishmaniasis focus in s...

The efficiency of wet explosion applied as modified dilute acid pretreatment at previously identified reference conditions (150°C, 0.3% H(2)SO(4), 15 min) was investigated on lucerne, ryegrass, fescue grass, cocksfoot grass, rye fescue, forage grass, and wheat straw in order to identify their potential as feedstock for cellulosic bioethanol production. After pretreatment, cellulose recovery was...