This Essay explores the largely overlooked relationship between claim construction and patent assertion entities (patent “trolls”) finding that claim construction problems and trends benefit patent assertion entities. First, the Federal Circuit is deeply divided as to the proper approach to claim construction. This split is a significant contributor to uncertain patent scope, which is widely-re...

proximity of the vagus nerve to a patent ductus arteriosus (pda) can cause traction or entrapment of vagus nerve during surgical closure of the in rare occasions. this can lead to a life threatening postoperative bradycardia. herein, we report a case of bradycardia caused by unexpected irritation of the vagal trunk by the end of operation. the patient was managed by re-opening the chest, lung r...

To Google or not to Google has become in the latest years a big question for researchers: immediate answers, but often thousands; sometimes pertinent, sometimes not reliable or too commercial-oriented. No doubt that Google always ''finds'' something and sometimes it is the only way, or it retrieves real pearls but where does it search? How can a researcher refine or limit the search? That is wh...

Google Hacking continues to be abused by attackers to find vulnerable websites on current Internet. Through searching specific terms of vulnerabilities in search engines, attackers can easily and automatically find a lot of vulnerable websites in a large scale. However, less work has been done to study the characteristics of vulnerabilities targeted by Google Hacking (e.g., what kind of vulnera...

The January 2013 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas allowed users to try out the Vuzix M100 Smart Glasses, available for Android 4.0 beginning this summer for less than $500 (iOS fall 2013 availability pending platform approval). This is a wearable Bluetooth/Wi-Fi headpiece that can be worn with regular eyeglasses. It features a built-in high-definition (HD) camera and 428 · 240 pixel Wide ...

We analyze patent licensing by a patent holder to downstream technology users. We study how the structure and level of royalties depends on the patent’s strength, i.e., the probability it would be upheld in court. We examine the social value of determining patent validity before licensing, in terms of deadweight loss (ex post) and innovation incentives (ex ante). When downstream users do not co...

At present, I am carrying out a study of the European patent system from an administrative law/governance and comparative law perspective. Even though in the US, several patent scholars have been doing research on applying administrative law principles to the US patent system (notably Arti K. Rai, John F. Duffy, Craig Allen Nard and Kali N. Murray), in Europe the lack of attention to administra...

Article history: Received 3 June 2009 Received in revised form 24 August 2009 Accepted 26 August 2009 This study aims to obtain global technology evolution by constructing and analyzing patent citation network and patent citation map for the field of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite. A total of 1421 patents are retrieved from USPTO patent database and patent citation network is estab...

In all relevant patent systems an adversely affected party has the possibility to appeal the patent office’s decision in front of a patent court or Board of Appeal (BoA). Within a European context, the EPO is, in a way, even engaging in de facto competition with national patent offices. As an example, the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA) provides quasi identical patent products and off...

The present paper extends the literature investigating key drivers leading certain patents to exert a stronger influence on the subsequent technological developments (inventions) than other ones. We investigated six key determinants, as (i) the use of scientific knowledge, (ii) the breadth of the technological base, (iii) the existence of collaboration in patent development, (iv) the number of ...