The study was conducted to investigate the effects of graded dietary inclusion levels of betaine on ileal and total tract nutrient digestibilities and intestinal bacterial metabolites in piglets. A total of eight barrows with an average initial body weight of 7.9 kg were randomly allocated to one of the four assay diets with two pigs per treatment in four repeated measurement periods. The assay...

Salt produces free radicals in the plants and these free radicals are scavenged by the antioxidative capacity of the plant. Change in antioxidant activity, phenolic contents, lipid peroxidation, glycine betaine and proline contents were investigated in fifteen genotypes of wheat differing in salt tolerance. The results revealed that the aqueous extracts of wheat (300 μg/ml) in control and under...

Drought stress significantly reduces the growth and yield of cotton plants; therefore, reducing damage caused by drought improving plant are highly important. The aims this study were to investigate some physiological biochemical properties plants exposed different levels determine extent improvement obtained exogenous glycine betaine treatment for damages adverse effects drought. Three created...

The three proline transporters of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtProTs) transport the compatible solutes proline and glycine betaine and the stress-induced compound γ-aminobutyric acid when expressed in heterologous systems. The aim of the present study was to show transport and physiological relevance of these three AtProTs in planta. Using single, double, and triple knockout mutants and AtProT-overe...

Nitrogen is a common structural element in the acceptor moieties of organic donor-acceptor nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores. In order to assess the effect of substitution with heavier group 15 elements, computational studies of the nonlinear optical properties of betaine derivatives, (CH(3))(3)X(+)CH(2)CO(2)(-) (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi), have been performed. First hyperpolarisabilities, β(HRS)...

A series of salts based on ethyl ester glycine-betaine derivatives, viz tri(n-pentyl)[2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl]ammonium bromide, have been synthesized. These cations generate hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Tf2N−) or dicyanamide (Dca−) anions. new analogues glycine-betaine-based (AGB-ILs) were characterized using spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H, and 13C NMR) ele...